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Energy efficiency has become an increasingly important concern in computer architecture due to the end of Dennard scaling. Heterogeneity has been explored as a way to achieve better energy efficiency and heterogeneous microarchitecture…

The design of Microprocessors Computer Architectures remains as a fundamental course in Computer Science and Computer Engineering. The technology and organization inside microprocessors have changed quite fast in the last twenty years. That…

Endpoint devices for Internet-of-Things not only need to work under extremely tight power envelope of a few milliwatts, but also need to be flexible in their computing capabilities, from a few kOPS to GOPS. Near-threshold(NT) operation can…

The burgeoning RISC-V ecosystem necessitates efficient verification methodologies for complex processors. Traditional approaches often struggle to concurrently evaluate functional correctness and performance, or balance simulation speed…

The importance of open-source hardware and software has been increasing. However, despite GPUs being one of the more popular accelerators across various applications, there is very little open-source GPU infrastructure in the public domain.…

The Barcelona Zetascale Lab (BZL) project aims to strengthening Europe's capacity in the design and manufacture of RISC-V based high-performance computing chips. In this context, we present a holistic pre-silicon verification and validation…

Despite decades of efforts to resolve, memory safety violations are still persistent and problematic in modern systems. Various defense mechanisms have been proposed, but their deployment in real systems remains challenging because of…

Portability of hardware designs between Programmable Logic Devices (PLD) can be accomplished through the use of device-agnostic hardware description languages (HDL) such as Verilog or VHDL. Hardware designers can use HDLs to migrate…

Processors using the open RISC-V ISA are finding increasing adoption in the embedded world. Many embedded use cases have real-time constraints and require flexible, predictable, and fast reactive handling of incoming events. However, RISC-…

This paper describes our experience implementing a Hypervisor extension for a 64-bit RISC-V processor. We describe the design process and the main required parts with a brief explanation of each one.

Secret keys can be extracted from the power consumption or electromagnetic emanations of unprotected devices. Traditional counter-measures have limited scope of protection, and impose several restrictions on how sensitive data must be…

Many RISC-V (RV) platforms and SoCs have been announced in recent years targeting the HPC sector, but only a few of them are commercially available and engineered to fit the HPC requirements. The Monte Cimone project targeted assessing…

FREESS is a free, interactive simulator that illustrates instruction-level parallelism in a RISC-V-inspired superscalar processor. Based on an extended version of Tomasulo's algorithm, FREESS is intended as a hands-on educational tool for…

Whilst the RISC-V Vector extension (RVV) has been ratified, at the time of writing both hardware implementations and open source software support are still limited for vectorisation on RISC-V. This is important because vectorisation is…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention in edge computing due to their low power consumption and computational efficiency. However, existing implementations either use conventional System on Chip (SoC) architectures…

Cryptographic computations are fundamental to modern computing, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. However, these operations are highly vulnerable to power side-channel attacks that exploit variations in power consumption to leak…

Whilst RISC-V has grown phenomenally quickly in embedded computing, it is yet to gain significant traction in High Performance Computing (HPC). However, as we move further into the exascale era, the flexibility offered by RISC-V has the…

While microprocessors are used in various applications, they are precluded from the use in high-energy physics applications due to the harsh radiation present. To overcome this limitation a microprocessor design must withstand high doses of…

Architectural simulators help in better understanding the behaviour of existing architectures and the design of new architectures. Virtualization has regained importance and this has put a pressing demand for the simulation of virtualized…

The pace of RISC-V adoption continues to grow rapidly, yet for the successes enjoyed in areas such as embedded computing, RISC-V is yet to gain ubiquity in High Performance Computing (HPC). The Sophon SG2044 is SOPHGO's next generation…