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Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are key components for precise timing measurements in high-energy physics experiments, including the High Luminosity upgrades of the current LHC detectors. Their performance is, however, limited by…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-02-03 Veronika Kraus , Marcos Fernandez Garcia , Luca Menzio , Michael Moll

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) represent a remarkable advance in high energy particle detection, since they provide a moderate increase (gain ~10) of the collected charge, thus leading to a notable improvement of the signal-to-noise…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-05-04 Pablo Fernandez-Martinez , David Flores , Salvador Hidalgo , Virginia Greco , Angel Merlos , Giulio Pellegrini , David Quirion

Silicon sensors are the go-to technology for high-precision sensors in particle physics. But only recently low-noise silicon sensors with internal amplification became available. The so-called Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors have…

The paper reports on the timing resolution achieved with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), optimised for extreme-fluence conditions, at the DESY Test Beam Facility using 4~GeV/c electrons. The LGADs adopt an $n$-in-$p$ technology with a…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are fast silicon sensors with potential for high-resolution proton beam monitoring. In this work, we investigated their response in a 60 MeV proton beam from an AIC-144 cyclotron. Several features of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-19 A. Bellora , L. Grzanka , R. McNulty , N. Minafra , K. Misan , M. Nessel , T. Nowak , P. Rzeznik , J. Swakon , T. Szollosova

Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensor is one of candidate sensors for the tracker at future hadron collider experiments. To use this sensor as a tracking detector, AC-LGAD sensor is being developed which has both timing and spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-23 Sayuka Kita , Koji Nakamura , Tomoka Imamura , Ikumi Goya , Kazuhiko Hara

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will…

The tracking detector of ATLAS, one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), will be upgraded in 2024-2026 to cope with the challenging environment conditions of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The LPNHE, in collaboration…

Silicon Carbide device (4H-SiC) has potential radiation hardness, high saturated carrier velocity and low temperature sensitivity theoretically. The Silicon Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) has been verified to have excellent time…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-22 Tao Yang , Yuhang Tan , Congcong Wang , Xiyuan Zhang , Xin Shi

4H-SiC low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) have been fabricated and characterized. The devices employ a circular mesa design with low-resistivity contacts and an SiO$_2$ passivation layer. The I-V and C-V characteristics of the 4H-SiC…

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment as part of the Phase-II upgrade for the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). It will mitigate pile-up effects in the forward region, and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-02-02 A. Aboulhorma , M. Ait Tamlihat , H. M. Alfanda , O. Atanova , N. Atanov , I. Azzouzi , J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa , T. Beau , D. Benchekroun , F. Bendebba , G. Bergamin , Y. Bimgdi , A. Blot , A. Boikov , J. Bonis , D. Boumediene , C. Brito , A. S. Brogna , A. M. Burger , L. Cadamuro , Y. Cai , N. Cartalade , R. Casanova Mohr , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , Y. Che , X. Chen , E. Y. S. Chow , L. D. Corpe , C. G. Crozatier , L. D'Eramo , S. Dahbi , D. Dannheim , G. Daubard , Y. Davydov , J. Debevc , Y. Degerli , E. Delagnes , F. Deliot , M. Dhellot , P. Dinaucourt , G. Di Gregorio , P. J. Dos Santos De Assis , C. Duan , O. Duarte , F. Dulucq , J. Ehrecke , Y. El Ghazali , A. El Moussaouy , A. Falou , L. Fan , Y. Fan , Z. Fan , K. Farman , F. Fassi , Y. Feng , M. Ferreira , F. Filthaut , F. Fischer , P. Fusté , J. Fu , J. García Rodriquez , G. Gaspar De Andrade , V. Gautam , Z. Ge , R. Gonçalo , M. Gouighri , S. Grinstein , K. Gritsay , F. Guilloux , S. Guindon , A. Haddad , S. E. D. Hammoud , L. Han , A. M. Henriques Correia , M. Hidaoui , B. Hiti , J. Hofner , S. Hou , P. J. Hsu , X. Huang , Y. Huang , K. Hu , C. Insa , J. Jeglot , X. Jia , G. Kramberger , M. Kuriyama , B. Y. Ky , D. Lacour , A. Lafarge , B. Lakssir , A. Lantheaume , D. Laporte , C. de La Taille , M. A. L. Leite , A. Leopold , H. Li , L. Li , M. Li , S. Li , S. Li , Y. Li , Z. Li , S. Liang , Z. Liang , B. Liu , K. Liu , K. Liu , Y. L. Liu , Y. W. Liu , F. L. Lucio Alves , M. Lu , Y. J. Lu , F. Lyu , D. Macina , R. Madar , N. Makovec , S. Malyukov , I. Mandić , T. Manoussos , S. Manzoni , G. Martin-Chassard , F. Martins , L. Masetti , R. Mazini , E. Mazzeo , K. Ma , X. Ma , R. Menegasso , J-P. Meyer , Y. Miao , A. Migayron , M. Mihovilovic , M. Milovanovic , M. Missio , V. Moskalenko , N. Mouadili , A. Moussa , I. Nikolic-Audit , C. C. Ohm , H. Okawa , S. Okkerman , M. Ouchrif , C. Pénélaud , A. Parreira , B. Pascual Dias , R. E. de Paula , J. Pinol Bel , P. -O. Puhl , C. Puigdengoles Olive , M. Puklavec , J. Qin , M. Qi , H. Ren , H. Riani , S. Ridouani , V. Rogozin , L. Royer , F. Rudnyckyj , E. F. Saad , G. T. Saito , A. Salem , H. Santos , S. Scarfi , Ph. Schwemling , N. Seguin-Moreau , L. Serin , R. P. Serrano Fernandez , A. Shaikovskii , Q. Sha , L. Shan , R. Shen , X. Shi , P. Skomina , H. Smitmanns , H. L. Snoek , A. P. Soulier , A. Stein , H. Stenzel , J. Strandberg , W. Sun , X. Sun , Y. Sun , Y. Tan , K. Tariq , Y. Tayalati , S. Terzo , A. Torrento Coello , S. Trincaz-Duvoid , U. M. Vande Voorde , I. Velkovska , R. P. Vieira , L. A. Vieira Lopes , A. Visibile , A. Wang , C. Wang , S. M. Wang , T. Wang , T. Wang , W. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , J. Wan , Q. Weitzel , J. Wu , M. Wu , W. Wu , Y. Wu , L. Xia , D. Xu , H. Xu , L. Xu , Z. Yan , H. Yang , H. Yang , X. Yang , X. Yang , J. Ye , I. Youbi , J. Yuan , I. Zahir , H. Zeng , D. Zhang , J. Zhang , L. Zhang , Z. Zhang , M. Zhao , Z. Zhao , X. Zheng , Z. Zhou , Y. Zhu , X. Zhuang

We present the design and simulation of a 30 $\mathrm{\mu m}$ thick 4H-SiC Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) optimized for high-voltage operation. A 2.4 $\mathrm{\mu m}$ thick epitaxially grown gain layer enables controlled internal…

Next generation Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) produced by Hamamatsu photonics (HPK) and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) were tested before and after irradiation with ~1MeV neutrons at the JSI facility in Ljubljana. Sensors were irradiated…

Detectors that can simultaneously provide fine time and spatial resolution have attracted wide-spread interest for applications in several fields such as high-energy and nuclear physics as well as in low-energy electron detection, photon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-01-29 Gabriele Giacomini , Wei Chen , Gabriele D'Amen , Alessandro Tricoli

The response of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), which are a type of thin silicon detector with internal gain, to X-rays of energies between 6-70 keV was characterized at the SLAC light source (SSRL). The utilized beamline at SSRL was…

High-energy physics detectors, like Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) that will be used as fast timing detectors in the High Luminosity LHC experiments, have to exhibit a significant radiation tolerance. Thereby the impact of radiation…

In recent years, the gain suppression mechanism has been studied for large localized charge deposits in Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). LGADs are a thin silicon detector with a highly doped gain layer that provides moderate internal…

The Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor detector capable of achieving excellent timing resolution (~20 ps) for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). To realize a pixelated detector with both high timing precision and spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-02 Koji Nakamura , Yua Murayama , Issei Horikoshi , Mahiro Kobayashi , Koji Sato

This contribution presents the design, production, and initial testing of newly developed 4H-SiC Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). The evaluation includes performance metrics such as the internal gain layer's efficiency in enhancing…