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This paper describes the new concept of the double-LGAD. The goal is to increase the charge at the input of the electronics, keeping a time resolution equal or better than a standard (single) LGAD; this has been realized by adding the…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are a type of thin silicon detector with a highly doped gain layer. LGADs manufactured by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) were tested before and after irradiation with neutrons. In this study, the…

Silicon-based fast time detectors have been widely used in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space exploration and other fields in recent years. However, silicon detectors often require complex low-temperature systems when operating in…

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes are a type of silicon Avalanche Photo-Diodes originally developed for the fast detection of minimum ionizing particles in high-energy physics experiments. Thanks to their fast timing performance, the Low-Gain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-07 Gabriele Giacomini , Wei Chen , Gabriele D'Amen , Enrico Rossi , Alessandro Tricoli

Capacitive-coupled Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (AC-LGAD) sensors are being developed for high-energy particle physics experiments as a detector which provides fast time information with fine spatial resolution. This paper describes…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-01-25 Sayuka Kita , Koji Nakamura , Tatsuki Ueda , Ikumi Goya , Kazuhiko Hara

Silicon sensors with high time resolution can help particle identification in the International Linear Collider (ILC). We are studying Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) as a high timing resolution sensor. As a step to develop LGADs, we are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-06-17 Y. Deguchi , K. Kawagoe , E. Mestre , R. Mori , T. Suehara , T. Yoshioka

The response of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), a type of thin silicon detector with internal gain, to X-rays of energies between 6-16~keV was characterized at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). The utilized beamline…

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are characterized by a fast rise time (500 ps) and extremely good time resolution (down to 17 ps). The intrinsic low granularity of LGADs and the large power consumption of readout chips for precise…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors(LGADs) is one of the candidate sensing technologies for future 4D-tracking applications and recently have been qualified to be used in the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors for the CERN High Luminosity Large Hadron…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-04-06 Esteban Currás , Marcos Fernández , Michael Moll

A new generation of 3D silicon pixel detectors with a small pixel size of 50$\times$50 and 25$\times$100 $\mu$m$^{2}$ is being developed for the HL-LHC tracker upgrades. The radiation hardness of such detectors was studied in beam tests…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-07-05 J. Lange , S. Grinstein , M. Manna , G. Pellegrini , D. Quirion , S. Terzo , D. Vázquez Furelos

Detectors planned for use at the Large Hadron Collider will operate in a radiation field produced by beam collisions. To predict the radiation damage to the components of the detectors, prototype devices are irradiated at test beam…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-17 Prabhakar Palni , Martin Hoeferkamp , Aaron Taylor , Sandip Vora , Haley McDuff , Qufei Gu , Sally Seidel

We study the radiation effects of the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and the Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of Beijing Normal University in China. These new sensors have…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-07-07 Yuhang Tan , Tao Yang , Suyu Xiao , Kewei Wu , Lei Wang , Yaoqian Li , Zhenwei Liu , Zhijun Liang , Dejun Han , Xingan Zhang , Xin Shi

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are the leading 4D sensing technology selected for use in the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). However, their proximity to the interaction point makes them highly susceptible to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-23 Rajiv Gupta , Sunidhi Saxena , Kalpna Tiwari , Rahul Sharma , Namrata Agrawal , Ashutosh Bhardwaj , Kirti Ranjan , Ajay Kumar

Production of the High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS experiment at High Luminosity LHC requires over 21000 silicon sensors based on Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology. Their radiation hardness is monitored as a part of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-10 Iskra Velkovska , Bojan Hiti

Small-pitch 3D silicon pixel detectors have been investigated as radiation-hard candidates for the innermost layers of the HL-LHC pixel detector upgrades. Prototype 3D sensors with pixel sizes of 50$\times$50 and 25$\times$100 $\mu$m$^{2}$…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-09-18 J. Lange , G. Giannini , S. Grinstein , M. Manna , G. Pellegrini , D. Quirion , S. Terzo , D. Vázquez Furelos

In this contribution, we present an innovative design of the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) gain layer, the p$^+$ implant responsible for the local and controlled signal multiplication. In the standard LGAD design, the gain layer is…

Low gain avalanche detectors can measure charged particle fluences with high speed and spatial precision, and are a promising technology for radiation monitoring and dosimetry. A detector has been tested in a medical linac where single…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-17 Tommaso Isidori , Patrick McCavana , Brendan McClean , Ronan McNulty , Nicola Minafra , Naomi Raab , Luke Rock , Christophe Royon

This paper shows the simulation and test results of 50um thick Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) sensors designed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and fabricated by the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of…

The low-field carrier mobilities in <100> silicon were quantified as a function of the 1$\,$MeV neutron-equivalent fluence up to $10^{18}\,$cm$^{-2}$ and for temperatures between 230$\,$K and 260$\,$K. Current measurements were fitted using…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-19 I. Bloch , B. Bruers , C. -T. Klein , H. Lacker , P. Li , M. Ullan , Y. Unno , I. Mandić , C. Scharf

The wide-bandgap semiconductor 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) offers a compelling combination of radiation hardness, thermal stability, and high critical electric field for particle detection in harsh environments. To compensate for the…