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Efficient management of low blood pressure (BP) in preterm neonates remains challenging with a considerable variability in clinical practice. The ability to assess preterm wellbeing during episodes of low BP will help to decide when and…
Interval-censored multi-state data arise in many studies of chronic diseases, where the health status of a subject can be characterized by a finite number of disease states and the transition between any two states is only known to occur…
Reducing the global burden of stillbirths is important to improving child and maternal health. Of interest is understanding patterns in the timing of stillbirths -- that is, whether they occur in the intra- or antepartum period -- because…
Multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs) play an increasingly crucial role in global pharmaceutical development by expediting data gathering and regulatory approval across diverse patient populations. However, differences in recruitment…
Recent advances in genotyping technology have delivered a wealth of genetic data, which is rapidly advancing our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of complex diseases. Mendelian Randomization (MR) leverages such genetic…
In this paper, we consider contact processes on locally compact separable metric spaces with birth and death rates heterogeneous in space. Conditions on the rates that ensure the existence of invariant measures of contact processes are…
Background: Recent studies have shown a decrease in annualised relapse rates (ARRs) in placebo groups of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of RCTs…
India accounts for 11% of maternal deaths globally where a woman dies in childbirth every fifteen minutes. Lack of access to preventive care information is a significant problem contributing to high maternal morbidity and mortality numbers,…
Recently, invariant risk minimization (IRM) was proposed as a promising solution to address out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. However, it is unclear when IRM should be preferred over the widely-employed empirical risk minimization…
Since the COVID-19 pandemic first reached the United States, the case fatality rate has fallen precipitously. Several possible explanations have been floated, including greater detection of mild cases due to expanded testing, shifts in age…
This paper is not (or at least not only) about human infant mortality. In line with reliability theory, "infant" will refer here to the time interval following birth during which the mortality (or failure) rate decreases. This definition…
Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) are considered a promising recipe to deliver better policy interventions. One key ingredient in optimal ITR estimation problems is to estimate the average treatment effect conditional on a subject's…
In order to implement disease-specific interventions in young age groups, policy makers in low- and middle-income countries require timely and accurate estimates of age- and cause-specific child mortality. High quality data is not available…
Modern longitudinal studies collect feature data at many timepoints, often of the same order of sample size. Such studies are typically affected by {dropout} and positivity violations. We tackle these problems by generalizing effects of…
Background: Dementia leads to a high burden of disability and the number of dementia patients worldwide doubled between 1990 and 2016. Nevertheless, some studies indicated a decrease in dementia risk which may be due to a bias caused by…
Evaluations of large language models (LLMs) suffer from instability, where small changes of random factors such as few-shot examples can lead to drastic fluctuations of scores and even model rankings. Moreover, different LLMs can have…
Robins 1997 introduced marginal structural models (MSMs), a general class of counterfactual models for the joint effects of time-varying treatment regimes in complex longitudinal studies subject to time-varying confounding. In his work,…
In randomized trials, repeated measures of the outcome are routinely collected. The mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) leverages the information from these repeated outcome measures, and is often used for the primary analysis to…
According to the WHO, in 2021, about 32% of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa were infected with malaria during pregnancy. Malaria infection during pregnancy can cause various adverse birth outcomes such as low birthweight. Over the past…
In many important applications of precision medicine, the outcome of interest is time to an event (e.g., death, relapse of disease) and the primary goal is to identify the optimal individualized decision rule (IDR) to prolong survival time.…