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The performance of highly-multiplexed spectrographs is limited by focal degradation (FRD) in the optical fibres. It has already been shown that this is caused mainly by processes concentrated around the mounting points at the ends of the…
In fiber-based spectroscopy within telescopes, a prevailing limitation has been the necessity to align the fiber diameter with the telescope's seeing conditions, often characterized by the Full Width at Half Maximum of the point spread…
FRET-based approaches are a unique tool for sensing the immediate surroundings and interactions of (bio)molecules. FRET imaging and FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) enable the visualization of the spatial distribution of…
We introduce density dependence of the cell size in cellular-automaton models for traffic flow, which allows a more precise correspondence between real-world phenomena and what observed in simulation. Also, we give an explicit calibration…
Exposure to intense illumination light is an unavoidable consequence of fluorescence microscopy, and poses a risk to the health of the sample in every live-cell fluorescence microscopy experiment. Furthermore, the possible side-effects of…
Metastatic cancer cells detect the direction of lymphatic flow by self-communication: they secrete and detect a chemical which, due to the flow, returns to the cell surface anisotropically. The secretion rate is low, meaning detection noise…
Focal Ratio Degradation (FRD) in fibres is a crucial factor to control in astronomical instruments in order to minimize light loss. As astronomical instrumentation has advanced, the integration of large populations of fibres has become…
Angular filter refractometry is an optical diagnostic that measures absolute contours of line-integrated density gradient by placing a filter with alternating opaque and transparent zones in the focal plane of a probe beam, which produce…
Amino acids are essential to all life. However, our understanding of some aspects of their intrinsic structure, molecular chemistry, and electronic structure is still limited. In particular the nature of amino acids in their crystalline…
We discuss the spontaneous emission from a coherently prepared and microwave driven doublet of potentially closely spaced excited states to a common ground level. Multiple interference mechanisms are identified which may lead to…
High-resolution optical imaging methods, such as confocal microscopy and full-field optical coherence tomography, capture flat optical sections of the sample. If the sample is curved, the optical field sections through several sample layers…
Investigations that probe defects one at a time offer a unique opportunity to observe properties and dynamics that are washed out of ensemble measurements. Here we present confocal fluorescence measurements of individual defects in Al-doped…
Cell detection and cell type classification from biomedical images play an important role for high-throughput imaging and various clinical application. While classification of single cell sample can be performed with standard computer…
We introduce a full field fluorescence imaging technique with axial confinement of about 100 nm at the sample/substrate interface. Contrary to standard surface imaging techniques, this confinement is obtained through emission filtering.…
Three-dimensional imaging of biological cells is crucial for the investigation of cell biology, provide valuable information to reveal the mechanisms behind pathophysiology of cells and tissues. Recent advances in optical diffraction…
The absorption of light by molecules in the atmosphere of Earth is a complication for ground-based observations of astrophysical objects. Comprehensive information on various molecular species is required to correct for this so called…
The deformability of red blood cells is an essential parameter that controls the rheology of blood as well as its circulation in the body. Characterizing the rigidity of the cells and their heterogeneity in a blood sample is thus a key…
The opportunities of the application of the recently proposed approach in optical emission spectroscopy of non-equilibrium plasmas have been studied. The approach consists of several methods of the determination of {\em absolute} particle…
It is shown, that spontaneous ultraviolet radiation of cells (infusoria) plays the role of agent, restricting the upper limit of the quantity of cells in quasi-stationary phase of cultire's development. The spectral region of this radiation…
Free-electron lasers (FEL) in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray regime opened up the possibility for experiments at high power densities, in particular allowing for fluence-dependent absorption and scattering experiments to reveal…