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Related papers: Learning of Behavior Trees for Autonomous Agents

200 papers

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require adaptive behavior planners to navigate unpredictable, real-world environments safely. Traditional behavior trees (BTs) offer structured decision logic but are inherently static and demand labor-intensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Omar Y. Goba , Ahmed Y. Gado , Catherine M. Elias , Ahmed Hussein

Behavior Trees (BTs) were invented as a tool to enable modular AI in computer games, but have received an increasing amount of attention in the robotics community in the last decade. With rising demands on agent AI complexity, game…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Matteo Iovino , Edvards Scukins , Jonathan Styrud , Petter Ögren , Christian Smith

Modern industrial applications require robots to be able to operate in unpredictable environments, and programs to be created with a minimal effort, as there may be frequent changes to the task. In this paper, we show that genetic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Matteo Iovino , Jonathan Styrud , Pietro Falco , Christian Smith

A Behavior Tree (BT) is a way to structure the switching between different tasks in an autonomous agent, such as a robot or a virtual entity in a computer game. BTs are a very efficient way of creating complex systems that are both modular…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Michele Colledanchise , Petter Ögren

In modern industrial collaborative robotic applications, it is desirable to create robot programs automatically, intuitively, and time-efficiently. Moreover, robots need to be controlled by reactive policies to face the unpredictability of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Matteo Iovino , Jonathan Styrud , Pietro Falco , Christian Smith

The diversity of agent behaviors is an important topic for the quality of video games and virtual environments in general. Offering the most compelling experience for users with different skills is a difficult task, and usually needs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Ciprian Paduraru , Miruna Paduraru

Accurate task planning is critical for controlling autonomous systems, such as robots, drones, and self-driving vehicles. Behavior Trees (BTs) are considered one of the most prominent control-policy-defining frameworks in task planning, due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Azizjon Kobilov , Jianglin Lan

The discovery of Behavior Trees (BTs) impacted the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in games, by providing flexible and natural representation of non-player characters (NPCs) logic, manageable by game-designers. Nevertheless, increased…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Andrzej Kozik , Tomasz Machalewski , Mariusz Marek , Adrian Ochmann

We propose a design for a functional programming language for autonomous agents, built off the ideas and motivations of Behavior Trees (BTs). BTs are a popular model for designing agents behavior in robotics and AI. However, as their growth…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Oliver Biggar , Iman Shames

Industrial robots can solve very complex tasks in controlled environments, but modern applications require robots able to operate in unpredictable surroundings as well. An increasingly popular reactive policy architecture in robotics is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Jonathan Styrud , Matteo Iovino , Mikael Norrlöf , Mårten Björkman , Christian Smith

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) need to reason about the multimodal behavior of neighboring agents while planning their own motion. Many existing trajectory planners seek a single trajectory that performs well under \emph{all} plausible futures…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Yuxiao Chen , Peter Karkus , Boris Ivanovic , Xinshuo Weng , Marco Pavone

Behavior Trees (BTs) were first conceived in the computer games industry as a tool to model agent behavior, but they received interest also in the robotics community as an alternative policy design to Finite State Machines (FSMs). The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Matteo Iovino , Julian Förster , Pietro Falco , Jen Jen Chung , Roland Siegwart , Christian Smith

Behavior trees (BTs) are a popular method for modeling NPC and enemy AI behavior and have been widely used in commercial games. In this work, rather than use BTs to model game playing agents, we use them for modeling game design agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Anurag Sarkar , Seth Cooper

Behavior Trees (BTs) offer a powerful paradigm for designing modular and reactive robot controllers. BT planning, an emerging field, provides theoretical guarantees for the automated generation of reliable BTs. However, BT planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yishuai Cai , Xinglin Chen , Yunxin Mao , Kun Hu , Minglong Li , Yaodong Yang , Yuanpei Chen

The field of reinforcement learning (RL) is facing increasingly challenging domains with combinatorial complexity. For an RL agent to address these challenges, it is essential that it can plan effectively. Prior work has typically utilized…

In this paper we provide a practical demonstration of how the modularity in a Behavior Tree (BT) decreases the effort in programming a robot task when compared to a Finite State Machine (FSM). In recent years the way to represent a task…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Matteo Iovino , Julian Förster , Pietro Falco , Jen Jen Chung , Roland Siegwart , Christian Smith

Behavior trees (BTs) emerged from video game development as a graphical language for modeling intelligent agent behavior. BTs have several properties which are attractive for modeling medical procedures including human-readability,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Blake Hannaford

Building an AI agent that can design on its own has been a goal since the 1980s. Recently, deep learning has shown the ability to learn from large-scale data, enabling significant advances in data-driven design. However, learning over prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ayush Raina , Jonathan Cagan , Christopher McComb

In this paper, we show how a planning algorithm can be used to automatically create and update a Behavior Tree (BT), controlling a robot in a dynamic environment. The planning part of the algorithm is based on the idea of back chaining.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Michele Colledanchise , Diogo Almeida , Petter Ögren

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan
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