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The interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neurons imparts rich functions of the brain. To understand the underlying synaptic mechanisms, a fundamental approach is to study the dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory conductances of each…
Glutamate-gated kainate receptors (KARs) are ubiquitous in the central nervous system of vertebrates, mediate synaptic transmission on post-synapse, and modulate transmitter release on pre-synapse. In the brain, the trafficking, gating…
Proliferating cells properly divide into their daughter cells through a process that is mediated by kinetochores, protein-complexes that assemble at the centromere of each sister chromatid. Each kinetochore has to establish a tight bipolar…
Results of phase formation, resistivity (r), and thermo-electric power (S), are reported on Y1-xCaxBa2Cu2.7Co0.3O7 compounds with x = 0.1 and 0.2. Pristine compound i.e. without Co or Ca substitution crystallizes in orthorhombic structure…
Synapses play a critical role in memory, learning, and cognition. Their main functions include converting pre-synaptic voltage spikes to post-synaptic currents, as well as scaling the input signal. Several brain-inspired architectures have…
We investigate coherent lattice dynamics in optimally doped YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ driven by ultrashort ($\sim$ 12 fs) near infrared (NIR) and near ultraviolet (NUV) pulses. Transient reflectivity experiments, performed at room…
Projection neurons in the dorsal horn relay nociceptive input to supraspinal centers. During central sensitization, a subset of them switches from tonic firing to plateau potentials with sustained afterdischarges, a change that requires…
The inactivation of a Na+ channel occurs when the activation of the charged S4 segment of domain DIV is followed by the binding of an intracellular hydrophobic motif which blocks conduction through the ion pore. The voltage dependence of…
Syntactic parsing is the task of assigning a syntactic structure to a sentence. There are two popular syntactic parsing methods: constituency and dependency parsing. Recent works have used syntactic embeddings based on constituency trees,…
Lanthanum and yttrium compounds with composition RE2M2O7 (RE=Y, La; M = Ti, Zr, Hf) have high density and high Z and can be doped with Ce onto the La and Y sites. This makes these compounds good candidates for Ce activated scintillator…
Parameter-efficient fine-tuning of pre-trained codecs is a promising direction in image compression for human and machine vision. While most existing works have primarily focused on tuning the feature structure within the encoder-decoder…
The key to understanding a protein's function often lies in its conformational dynamics. We develop a coarse-grained variational model to investigate the interplay between structural transitions, conformational flexibility and function of…
gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA(B)) receptor is an allosteric complex made of two subunits, GABA(B1) and GABA(B2). GABA(B2) plays a major role in the coupling to G protein whereas GABA(B1) binds GABA. It has been shown that GABA(B)…
Major part of a pancreatic islet is composed of beta cells that secrete insulin, a key hormone regulating influx of nutrients into all cells in a vertebrate organism to support nutrition, housekeeping or energy storage. Beta cells…
We report the structural, superconducting, magnetic and granular properties of Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7; x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3. Rietveld fitted X-ray diffraction data confirms the single phase formation for all the samples. The orthorhombicity…
Living cells respond to spatial signals. Signal transmission to the cell interior often involves the release of second messengers like $Ca^{2+}$ . They will eventually trigger a physiological response by activating kinases that in turn…
Synaptic memory is considered to be the main element responsible for learning and cognition in humans. Although traditionally non-volatile long-term plasticity changes have been implemented in nanoelectronic synapses for neuromorphic…
Although deep neural networks perform extremely well in controlled environments, they fail in real-world scenarios where data isn't available all at once, and the model must adapt to a new data distribution that may or may not follow the…
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is limited by inefficient CO2 activation and poor solar spectrum utilization. Here, we discovered and revealed the vibration coupling mechanism among photons, phonons, and molecules, which remarkably enhances…
In awake animals, the activity of the cerebral cortex is highly complex, with neurons firing irregularly with apparent Poisson statistics. One way to characterize this complexity is to take advantage of the high interconnectivity of…