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The extant versions of many basal ganglia models use a `gating' model of dopamine function which enhances input to D1 receptor units and attenuates input to D2 receptor units. There is evidence that this model is unsatisfactory because (a)…
Behavioural differences across organisms, whether healthy or pathological, are closely tied to the structure of their neural circuits. Yet, the fine-scale synaptic changes that give rise to these variations remain poorly understood, in part…
The density of synaptic receptors in front of presynaptic release sites is stabilized in the presence of scaffold proteins, but the receptors and scaffold molecules have local exchanges with characteristic times shorter than that of the…
We present a stochastic computational model to study the mechanism of signalling between a source and a target ionic transporter, both localized on the plasma membrane (PM) and in intracellular nanometre-scale subplasmalemmal signalling…
We report systematic studies of structural, microstructural and transport properties of Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-d bulk samples with 0.20 x 0.0. The partial substitution of Ca2+ at Y3+ site in YBa2Cu3O7-d leads towards slightly overdoped regime,…
Ca$^{2+}$ plays an important role in cell signal transduction. Its intracellular propagation is the most basic process of Ca$^{2+}$ signaling, such as calcium wave and double messenger system. In this work, with both numerical simulation…
Medical images like CT and MRI provide detailed information about the internal structure of the body, and identifying key anatomical structures from these images plays a crucial role in clinical workflows. Current methods treat it as a…
A living cell senses its environment and responds to external signals. In this work, we study theoretically, the precision at which cells can determine the position of a spatially localized transient extracellular signal. To this end, we…
Traditional computation based on von Neumann architecture is limited by the time and energy consumption due to data transfer between the storage and the processing units. The von Neumann architecture is also inefficient in solving…
Persistent activity is postulated to drive neural network plasticity and learning. To investigate its underlying cellular mechanisms, we developed a biophysically tractable model that explains the emergence, sustenance, and eventual…
We discuss the mechanism of coherent phonon generation by Stimulated Ionic Raman Scattering, a process different from conventional excitation with near visible optical pulses. Ionic Raman scattering is driven by anharmonic coupling between…
The study of synchronization in biological systems is essential for the understanding of the rhythmic phenomena of living organisms at both molecular and cellular levels. In this paper, by using simple dynamical systems theory, we present a…
Synaptic communication is a natural Molecular Communication (MC) system which may serve as a blueprint for the design of synthetic MC systems. In particular, it features highly specialized mechanisms to enable inter-symbol interference…
Release of $Ca^{2+}$ from endoplasmatic retriculum (ER) $Ca^{2+}$ stores causes stromal interaction molecules (STIM) in the ER membrane and ORAI proteins in the plasma membrane (PM) to interact and form the $Ca^{2+}$ release activated…
Synaptic communication is studied by communication engineers for two main reasons. One is to enable novel neuroengineering applications that require interfacing with neurons. The other reason is to draw inspiration for the design of…
Deciphering how visual stimuli are transformed into cortical responses is a fundamental challenge in computational neuroscience. This visual-to-neural mapping is inherently a one-to-many relationship, as identical visual inputs reliably…
Many voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels display a time-dependent phenomenon called C-type inactivation, whereby prolonged activation by voltage leads to the inhibition of ionic conduction, a process that involves a conformational change…
Synaptic plasticity, the dynamic tuning of signal transmission strength between neurons, serves as a fundamental basis for memory and learning in biological organisms. This adaptive nature of synapses is considered one of the key features…
It is challenging to parameterize the force field for calcium ions (Ca2+) in calcium-binding proteins because of their unique coordination chemistry that involves the surrounding atoms required for stability. In this work, we observed wide…
Models need appropriate inductive biases to effectively learn from small amounts of data and generalize systematically outside of the training distribution. While Transformers are highly versatile and powerful, they can still benefit from…