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We show that the unavoidable increase in neuronal response latency to ongoing stimulation serves as a nonuniform gradual stretching of neuronal circuit delay loops and emerges as an essential mechanism in the formation of various types of…
Multilayered artificial neural networks (ANN) have found widespread utility in classification and recognition applications. The scale and complexity of such networks together with the inadequacies of general purpose computing platforms have…
Previous models of the cerebrovascular smooth muscle cell have not addressed the interaction between the electrical, chemical and mechanical components of cell function during the development of active tension. These models are primarily…
Surfactant self-assembly at solid-liquid interfaces governs interfacial stability, transport, and reactivity across many technologies, yet resolving interfacial surfactant phases and their transition kinetics in situ remains challenging.…
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on multi-modal fusion for safety, but current visual and optical sensors fail to detect road-induced excitations which are critical for vehicles' dynamic control. Inspired by human synesthesia, we propose the…
Hamilton's equations are fundamental for modeling complex physical systems, where preserving key properties such as energy and momentum is crucial for reliable long-term simulations. Geometric integrators are widely used for this purpose,…
Fluctuation analysis is a method which allows measurement of the single channel current of ion channels even when it is too small to be resolved directly with the patch clamp technique. This is the case for voltage-gated Ca2+ channels…
Biological and artificial learning systems alike confront the plasticity-stability dilemma. In the brain, neuromodulators such as acetylcholine and noradrenaline relieve this tension by tuning neuronal gain and inhibitory gating, balancing…
Synaptic plasticity is implemented and controlled through over thousand different types of molecules in the postsynaptic density and presynaptic boutons that assume a staggering array of different states through phosporylation and other…
Neuropeptides, members of a large and evolutionarily ancient family of proteinaceous cell-cell signaling molecules, are widely recognized as extremely potent regulators of brain function and behavior. At the cellular level, neuropeptides…
Whether by processing videos with fixed resolution from start to end or incorporating pooling and down-scaling strategies, existing video transformers process the whole video content throughout the network without specially handling the…
Purpose: Several brain complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported. It has been moreover speculated that this neurotropism could potentially cause a delayed outbreak of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases of…
Semantic Scene Completion (SSC) constitutes a pivotal element in autonomous driving perception systems, tasked with inferring the 3D semantic occupancy of a scene from sensory data. To improve accuracy, prior research has implemented…
Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal neural activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of neuroscience. We developed a real-time volumetric and multispectral optoacoustic tomography…
Background: The roles of neuromodulation in a neural network, such as in a cortical microcolumn, are still incompletely understood. Neuromodulation influences neural processing by presynaptic and postsynaptic regulation of synaptic…
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, an evolutionarily conserved motif present in all eukaryotic cells, is involved in coordinating critical cell-fate decisions, regulating protein synthesis, and mediating learning…
We study the dynamics of intracellular calcium oscillations in the presence of proteins that bind calcium on multiple sites and that are generally believed to act as passive calcium buffers in cells. We find that multisite calcium-binding…
Semantic composition functions have been playing a pivotal role in neural representation learning of text sequences. In spite of their success, most existing models suffer from the underfitting problem: they use the same shared…
Cells continuously interact with their environment mediating their responses through signaling cascades. Very often, external stimuli induce pulsatile behaviors in intermediaries of the cascade of increasing frequency with the stimulus…
Synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis mediating neurotransmitter release occurs spontaneously at low intraterminal calcium concentrations and is stimulated by a rise in intracellular calcium. Exocytosis is compensated for by the reformation of…