Related papers: Graphs with $4$-rainbow index $3$ and $n-1$

An edge-colored graph is called \textit{rainbow graph} if all the colors on its edges are distinct. Given a positive integer $n$ and a graph $G$, the \textit{anti-Ramsey number} $ar(n,G)$ is defined to be the minimum number of colors $r$…

A path in an edge-colored graph, where adjacent edges may be colored the same, is a rainbow path if no two edges of it are colored the same. For any two vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$, a rainbow $u-v$ geodesic in $G$ is a rainbow $u-v$ path of…

Given an edge-coloured graph, we say that a subgraph is rainbow if all of its edges have different colours. Let $\operatorname{ex}(n,H,$rainbow-$F)$ denote the maximal number of copies of $H$ that a properly edge-coloured graph on $n$…

Let $G$ be a nontrivial connected graph of order $n$ with an edge-coloring $c:E(G)\rightarrow\{1,2,\dots,t\}$,$t\in\mathbb{N}$, where adjacent edges may be colored with the same color. A tree $T$ in $G$ is a \emph{proper tree} if no two…

An edge-colored graph $G$ is {\em rainbow connected} if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The {\em rainbow connection} of a connected graph $G$, denoted $rc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that…

A rainbow spanning tree in an edge-colored graph is a spanning tree in which each edge is a different color. Carraher, Hartke, and Horn showed that for $n$ and $C$ large enough, if $G$ is an edge-colored copy of $K_n$ in which each color…

A subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colours. The study of rainbow subgraphs goes back more than two hundred years to the work of Euler on Latin squares. Since then rainbow structures have…

A path in an edge-colored graph $G$, where adjacent edges may have the same color, is called a rainbow path if no two edges of the path are colored the same. The rainbow connection number $rc(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum integer $i$ for which…

We call an edge colouring of a graph G a rainbow colouring if every pair of vertices is joined by a rainbow path, i.e., a path where no two edges have the same colour. The minimum number of colours required for a rainbow colouring of the…

An edge-coloured cycle is rainbow if the edges have distinct colours. Let $G$ be a graph such that any $k$ vertices lie in a cycle of $G$. The $k$-rainbow cycle index of $G$, denoted by $crx_k(G)$, is the minimum number of colours required…

A path in a vertex-colored graph is called \emph{vertex-rainbow} if its internal vertices have pairwise distinct colors. A graph $G$ is \emph{rainbow vertex-connected} if for any two distinct vertices of $G$, there is a vertex-rainbow path…

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ with an edge-coloring $c$, and let $\delta^c(G)$ denote the minimum color-degree of $G$. A subgraph $F$ of $G$ is called rainbow if any two edges of $F$ have distinct colors. There have been a lot results in…

We obtain sufficient conditions for the emergence of spanning and almost-spanning bounded-degree {\sl rainbow} trees in various host graphs, having their edges coloured independently and uniformly at random, using a predetermined palette.…

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. We use $e(G)$ and $c(G)$ to denote the number of edges and colors in $G$, respectively. A subgraph $H$ is called rainbow if $c(H)=e(H)$. Li et al. (European J. Combin., 36 (2014), 453-459) proved that every…

An edge-colored graph $G$ is $k$-color connected if, between each pair of vertices, there exists a path using at least $k$ different colors. The $k$-color connection number of $G$, denoted by $cc_{k}(G)$, is the minimum number of colors…

An edge-colored graph G is rainbow connected if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connectivity of a connected graph G, denoted rc(G), is the smallest number of colors that are needed in…

A {\it 2-rainbow domination function} of a graph $G$ is a function $f$ that assigns to each vertex a set of colors chosen from the set $\{1,2\}$, such that for any $v\in V(G)$, $f(v)=\emptyset$ implies $\bigcup_{u\in N(v)}f(u)=\{1,2\}$. The…

A graph $G$ is $k$-ordered if for any distinct vertices $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_k \in V(G)$, it has a cycle through $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_k$ in order. Let $f(k)$ denote the minimum integer so that every $f(k)$-connected graph is $k$-ordered.…

An edge-colored graph $G$ is said to be rainbow connected if between each pair of vertices there exists a path which uses each color at most once. The rainbow connection number, denoted by $rc(G)$, is the minimum number of colors needed to…

Let $G$ be a nontrivial connected and vertex-colored graph. A vertex subset $X$ is called rainbow if any two vertices in $X$ have distinct colors. The graph $G$ is called \emph{rainbow vertex-disconnected} if for any two vertices $x$ and…