Related papers: The optimal division between sample and background…
In this paper we propose a procedure to evaluate Bayesian confidence intervals in counting experiments where both signal and background fluctuations are described by the Poisson statistics. The results obtained when the method is applied to…
Radio astronomical observations have very poor signal to noise ratios, unlike in other disciplines. On the other hand, it is possible to observe the object of interest for long time intervals as well as using a wider bandwidth.…
The problem of detecting new signals in the presence of an unknown background is ubiquitous in scientific discoveries and is especially prominent in the physical sciences. Most solutions proposed thus far to address the problem focus on…
Motion capturing and there by segmentation of the motion of any moving object from a sequence of continuous images or a video is not an exceptional task in computer vision area. Smart-phone camera application is an added integration for the…
The segmentation of transparent objects can be very useful in computer vision applications. However, because they borrow texture from their background and have a similar appearance to their surroundings, transparent objects are not handled…
In this work we study the problem of single-shot discrimination of von Neumann measurements, which we associate with measure-and-prepare channels. There are two possible approaches to this problem. The first one is simple and does not…
Negative binomial regression is essential for analyzing over-dispersed count data in in comparative studies, but parameter estimation becomes computationally challenging in large screens requiring millions of comparisons. We investigate…
Several experiments in high-energy physics and astrophysics can be treated as on/off measurements, where an observation potentially containing a new source or effect ("on" measurement) is contrasted with a background-only observation free…
Image subtraction is essential for transient detection in time-domain astronomy. The point spread function (PSF), photometric scaling, and sky background generally vary with time and across the field-of-view for imaging data taken with…
Proton radiography has proved increasingly successful as a diagnostic for electric and magnetic fields in high energy density physics experiments. Most experiments use target-normal-sheath-acceleration sources with a wide energy range in…
Joint photocount distributions of a weak twin beam acquired by an iCCD camera are analyzed with respect to the beam spatial correlations. A method for extracting these correlations from the experimental joint photocount distributions is…
Phase-contrast imaging is an emerging technology that may increase the signal-difference-to-noise ratio in medical imaging. One of the most promising phase-contrast techniques is Talbot interferometry, which, combined with energy-sensitive…
We demonstrate a practical possibility of loss compensation in measured photocounting statistics in the presence of dark counts and background radiation noise. It is shown that satisfactory results are obtained even in the case of low…
Forescatter electron imaging is a popular microscopy technique, especially for scanning electron microscopes equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector. In principal, this method enables qualitative imaging of microstructure…
Computational time reversal imaging can be used to locate the position of multiple scatterers in a known background medium. Here, we discuss a sparse approximation method for computational time-reversal imaging. The method is formulated…
Segmentation is a fundamental task in medical image analysis. The clinical interest is often to measure the volume of a structure. To evaluate and compare segmentation methods, the similarity between a segmentation and a predefined ground…
Recent investigations in noise contrastive estimation suggest, both empirically as well as theoretically, that while having more "negative samples" in the contrastive loss improves downstream classification performance initially, beyond a…
Atom and matter interferometers are precise quantum sensing experiments that can probe differential forces along separated spacetime paths. Various atom and matter interferometer experiments have been proposed to study dark matter,…
We present two methods for determining the absolute detection efficiency of photon-counting detectors directly from their singles rates under illumination from a nonclassical light source. One method is based on a continuous variable…
Event cameras are bio-inspired sensors that perform well in challenging illumination conditions and have high temporal resolution. However, their concept is fundamentally different from traditional frame-based cameras. The pixels of an…