Related papers: The optimal division between sample and background…
Single-photon-sensitive cameras can now be used as massively parallel coincidence counters for entangled photon pairs. This enables measurement of biphoton joint probability distributions with orders-of-magnitude greater dimensionality and…
It is important to know noise levels of boson sampling in order to cautiously demonstrate the quantum computational advantage or realize certain tasks. Based on those statistical benchmark methods such as the correlators and clouds, which…
We describe, in the detection of multi-sample aligned sparse signals, the critical boundary separating detectable from nondetectable signals, and construct tests that achieve optimal detectability: penalized versions of the Berk-Jones and…
Image foreground extraction is a classical problem in image processing and vision, with a large range of applications. In this dissertation, we focus on the extraction of text and graphics in mixed-content images, and design novel…
We assess the tendency of state-of-the-art object recognition models to depend on signals from image backgrounds. We create a toolkit for disentangling foreground and background signal on ImageNet images, and find that (a) models can…
This paper presents a theoretical and numerical investigation of the following practical question: Should the time difference quotients of the snapshots be used to generate the proper orthogonal decomposition basis functions? The answer to…
A typical experiment in high energy physics is considered. The result of the experiment is assumed to be a histogram consisting of bins or channels with numbers of corresponding registered events. The expected background and expected signal…
We present a photon counting experiment designed for an undergraduate physics laboratory. The statistics of the number of photons of a pseudo-thermal light source is studied in two limiting cases: much longer and much shorter than the…
Background properties in experimental particle physics are typically estimated using large data sets. However, different events can exhibit different features because of the quantum mechanical nature of the underlying physics processes.…
In atmospheric \v{C}erenkov technique $\gamma-$rays are detected against abundant background produced by hadronic showers. In order to improve signal to noise ratio of the experiment, it is necessary to reject a significant fraction of…
Security concerns has been kept on increasing, so it is important for everyone to keep their property safe from thefts and destruction. So the need for surveillance techniques are also increasing. The system has been developed to detect the…
Conventional LIDAR systems require hundreds or thousands of photon detections to form accurate depth and reflectivity images. Recent photon-efficient computational imaging methods are remarkably effective with only 1.0 to 3.0 detected…
In this work we explore for the first time the applicability of using $\gamma$-ray imaging in neutron capture measurements to identify and suppress spatially localized background. For this aim, a pinhole gamma camera is assembled, tested…
Scene inference under low-light is a challenging problem due to severe noise in the captured images. One way to reduce noise is to use longer exposure during the capture. However, in the presence of motion (scene or camera motion), longer…
Raman spectroscopy has attracted interest as a non-invasive optical technique to study the composition and structure of a wide range of materials at the microscopic level. The intrinsic fluorescence background can be orders of magnitude…
In general, background subtraction-based methods are used to detect moving objects in visual tracking applications. In this paper, we employed a background subtraction-based scheme to detect the temporarily stationary objects. We proposed…
Subtractive dither is a powerful method for removing the signal dependence of quantization noise for coarsely-quantized signals. However, estimation from dithered measurements often naively applies the sample mean or midrange, even when the…
It is often necessary to make sampling-based statistical inference about many probability distributions in parallel. Given a finite computational resource, this article addresses how to optimally divide sampling effort between the samplers…
We discuss a new method for setting limits on small signals in the presence of background noise. The method is based on a combination of a two dimensional confidence region and the large sample approximation to the likelihood ratio test…
In this paper, we propose a new model to segment cells in phase contrast microscopy images. Cell images collected from the similar scenario share a similar background. Inspired by this, we separate cells from the background in images by…