Related papers: The optimal division between sample and background…
Split sample methods have recently been put forward as a way to reduce the coverage oscillations that haunt confidence intervals for parameters of lattice distributions, such as the binomial and Poisson distributions. We study split sample…
Spectral diffusion is a result of random spectral jumps of a narrow line as a result of a fluctuating environment. It is an important issue in spectroscopy, because the observed spectral broadening prevents access to the intrinsic line…
We consider the problem of distinguishing between two arbitrary black-box distributions defined over the domain [n], given access to $s$ samples from both. It is known that in the worst case O(n^{2/3}) samples is both necessary and…
This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the Standard Model backgrounds based on modifying Monte Carlo predictions within their systematic uncertainties. The improved background model is obtained by altering the original predictions…
"Background subtraction" is an old technique for finding moving objects in a video sequence for example, cars driving on a freeway. The idea is that subtracting the current image from a timeaveraged background image will leave only…
In high-energy astrophysics, it is common practice to account for the background overlaid with the counts from the source of interest with the help of auxiliary measurements carried on by pointing off-source. In this "on/off" measurement,…
The problem of quickest detection of a change in distribution is considered under the assumption that the pre-change distribution is known, and the post-change distribution is only known to belong to a family of distributions…
Sparse decomposition has been extensively used for different applications including signal compression and denoising and document analysis. In this paper, sparse decomposition is used for image segmentation. The proposed algorithm separates…
We describe a method for fitting distributions to data which only requires knowledge of the parametric form of either the signal or the background but not both. The unknown distribution is fit using a non-parametric kernel density…
It is demonstrated that non-constant kernel solution, that can fit the spatial variations of the kernel can be obtained with minimum computing time. The CPU cost required with this new extension of the image subtraction method is almost the…
Stacks of digital astronomical images are combined in order to increase image depth. The variable seeing conditions, sky background and transparency of ground-based observations make the coaddition process non-trivial. We present image…
In this paper we propose a Bayesian answer to testing problems when the hypotheses are not well separated. The idea of the method is to study the posterior distribution of a discrepancy measure between the parameter and the model we want to…
Spectroscopy sampling along delay time is typically performed with uniform delay spacing, which has to be low enough to satisfy the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. The sampling theorem puts the lower bound for the sampling rate to ensure…
A new method of background subtraction is presented which uses the concept of a signal estimator to construct a confidence level which is always conservative and which is never better than e^-s. The new method yields stronger exclusions…
To obtain the best resolution for any measurement there is an ever-present challenge to achieve maximal differentiation between signal and noise over as fine of sampling dimensions as possible. In diffraction science these issues are…
A scanning pixel camera is a novel low-cost, low-power sensor that is not diffraction limited. It produces data as a sequence of samples extracted from various parts of the scene during the course of a scan. It can provide very detailed…
We consider training and testing on mixture distributions with different training and test proportions. We show that in many settings, and in some sense generically, distribution shift can be beneficial, and test performance can improve due…
Wait-time distributions for the $n$th photo-detection at a detector illuminated by a stationary light beam are studied. Both unconditional measurements, initiated at an arbitrary instant, and conditional measurements, initiated upon a…
The measurements with the background estimation from an off-zone are widely used in astrophysics, accelerator physics and other areas. Usually, the expected number of the background events in the off-zone and in the on-zone is known with a…
Imaging, detection and ranging of objects in the presence of significant background noise is a fundamental challenge in optical sensing. Overcoming the limitations imposed in conventional methods, quantum light sources show higher…