Related papers: The optimal division between sample and background…

Many optical measurement techniques, such as light scattering from wavelength-scale particles or detecting motion from a surface with an optical lever, encode information in a complex radiation pattern. Extracting all available information…

One common task in image forensics is to detect spliced images, where multiple source images are composed to one output image. Most of the currently best performing splicing detectors leverage high-frequency artifacts. However, after an…

We present a sensing scheme for estimating the frequency difference of two non-entangled photons. The technique consists of time-resolving sampling measurements at the output of a beam splitter. With this protocol, the frequency shift…

The values of the signal-to-noise ratio are determined, at which the method of processing X-ray diffraction data reveals reflections with intensity less than the noise component of the background. The possibilities of the method are…

Identifying moving objects in a video sequence, which is produced by a static camera, is a fundamental and critical task in many computer-vision applications. A common approach performs background subtraction, which identifies moving…

It is well known that separation between lossy source coding and channel coding is asymptotically optimal under classical additive distortion measures. Recently, coding under a new class of quality considerations, often referred to as…

We are investigating to what extent one can use a P(D) analysis to extract number counts of unclustered sources from maps of the far infrared background. Currently available such maps, and those expected to emerge in near future are…

Small chemical sensors are subjected to adsorption-desorption fluctuations which usually considered as noise contaminating useful signal. Based on temporal properties of this noise, it is shown that it can be made useful if proper…

We consider a linear ill-posed equation in the Hilbert space setting. Multiple independent unbiased measurements of the right hand side are available. A natural approach is to take the average of the measurements as an approximation of the…

Searches for signals of new physics in particle physics are usually done by training a supervised classifier to separate a signal model from the known Standard Model physics (also called the background model). However, even when the signal…

A wide variety of detection applications exploit the timing correlations that result from the slowing and eventual capture of neutrons. These include capture-gated neutron spectrometry, multiple neutron counting for fissile material…

We introduce a new discrepancy score between two distributions that gives an indication on their similarity. While much research has been done to determine if two samples come from exactly the same distribution, much less research…

Summary. A modified version of the two-slit experiment is proposed in which the moveable detector/counter used to obtain the fringe distribution by counting single photons at different positions on the screen plane is replaced with a mirror…

For decades researchers have studied the On/Off counting problem, where a measured rate consists of two parts. One due to a signal process and another due to a background process, of which both magnitudes are unknown. While most frequentist…

Segmentation in dynamic outdoor environments can be difficult when the illumination levels and other aspects of the scene cannot be controlled. Specifically in orchard and vineyard automation contexts, a background material is often used to…

Detection of moving objects in videos is a crucial step towards successful surveillance and monitoring applications. A key component for such tasks is called background subtraction and tries to extract regions of interest from the image…

Optical absorption imaging is a basic detection technique for obtaining information from matter waves, in which the absorption signal can be obtained by comparing the recorded detection light field with the light field in the presence of…

Change detection plays an important role in most video-based applications. The first stage is to build appropriate background model, which is now becoming increasingly complex as more sophisticated statistical approaches are introduced to…

The most common way to sample from a probability distribution is to use Monte-Carlo methods. For distributions on a continuous state space, one can find diffusions with the target distribution as equilibrium measure, so that the state of…

Image binarization is the process of separation of pixel values into two groups, white as background and black as foreground. Thresholding plays a major in binarization of images. Thresholding can be categorized into global thresholding and…