Related papers: The optimal division between sample and background…
The relative phase between spatially separated component waves of a single photon can be measured by joint interference with a second photon emitted by a known source. In the case of a single such phase (i.e. two component waves), the…
We consider a thought experiment where the preparation of a macroscopically massive or charged particle in a quantum superposition and the associated dynamics of a distant test particle apparently allow for superluminal communication. We…
The noise of a device under test (DUT) is measured simultaneously with two instruments, each of which contributes its own background. The average cross power spectral density converges to the DUT power spectral density. This method enables…
This paper proposes a new approach to separate the $\mu$ spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background from foregrounds with poorly defined spectral shapes. The idea is based on finding the optimal response to the observed signal.…
In many high energy experiments, the physics quantities are obtained by measuring the cross sections at a few energy points over an energy region. This was referred to as scan experiment. The optimal design of the scan experiment (how many…
Computer vision applications based on videos often require the detection of moving objects in their first step. Background subtraction is then applied in order to separate the background and the foreground. In literature, background…
Diffusion models are a remarkably effective way of learning and sampling from a distribution $p(x)$. In posterior sampling, one is also given a measurement model $p(y \mid x)$ and a measurement $y$, and would like to sample from $p(x \mid…
This paper investigates a novel a-posteriori variance reduction approach in Monte Carlo image synthesis. Unlike most established methods based on lateral filtering in the image space, our proposition is to produce the best possible estimate…
Data analysis in high energy physics often deals with data samples consisting of a mixture of signal and background events. The sPlot technique is a common method to subtract the contribution of the background by assigning weights to…
Computational photography encompasses a diversity of imaging techniques, but one of the core operations performed by many of them is to compute image differences. An intuitive approach to computing such differences is to capture several…
A high-level beam background is a crucial challenge to future upgrades to the BEPCII collider. We report on the first separate measurement of the main beam background components at BEPCII. The separation measurement enables the beam…
The special theory of relativity teaches us that, although distinct inertial frames perceive the same dynamical laws, space and time intervals differ in value. We revisit the problem of time contraction using the paradigmatic model of a…
The contrast of an image can be degraded by the presence of background light and sensor noise. To overcome this degradation, quantum illumination protocols have been theorised (Science 321 (2008), Physics Review Letters 101 (2008)) that…
The optimum interval method for finding an upper limit of a one-dimensionally distributed signal in the presence of an unknown background is extended to the case of high statistics. There is also some discussion of how the method can be…
An important question when developing photon-counting detectors for computed tomography is how to select energy thresholds. In this work thresholds are optimized by maximizing signal-difference-to-noise ratio squared (SDNR2) in an optimally…
We describe a self calibrating optical technique that allows to perform absolute measurements of scattering cross sections for the light scattered at extremely small angles. Very good performances are obtained by using a very simple optical…
In this paper, we propose a novel method for separately estimating spectral distributions from images captured by a typical RGB camera. The proposed method allows us to separately estimate a spectral distribution of illumination,…
Two photons are said to be identical when they are prepared in the same quantum state. Given the latter, there is a unique way to achieve this. Conversely, there are many different manners to prepare two non-identical photons: they may have…
X-ray polarimetry has the potential to make key-contributions to our understanding of galactic compact objects like binary black hole systems and neutron stars, and extragalactic objects like active galactic nuclei, blazars, and Gamma Ray…
Rapid growth in the field of quantitative digital image analysis is paving the way for researchers to make precise measurements about objects in an image. To compute quantities from the image such as the density of compressed materials or…