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We introduce a new graph parameter called the burning number, inspired by contact processes on graphs such as graph bootstrap percolation, and graph searching paradigms such as Firefighter. The burning number measures the speed of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-24 Anthony Bonato , Jeannette Janssen , Elham Roshanbin

Graph burning is a natural discrete graph algorithm inspired by the spread of social contagion. Despite its simplicity, some open problems remain steadfastly unsolved, notably the burning number conjecture, which says that every connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Ta Sheng Tan , Wen Chean Teh

Graph burning is a graph process that models the spread of social contagion. Initially, all the vertices of a graph $G$ are unburnt. At each step, an unburnt vertex is put on fire and the fire from burnt vertices of the previous step…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Sandip Das , Sk Samim Islam , Ritam M Mitra , Sanchita Paul

Cops and Robbers is a well-studied pursuit-evasion game in which a set of cops seeks to catch a robber in a graph G, where cops and robber move along edges of G. The cop number of G is the minimum number of cops that is sufficient to catch…

We consider random dynamics on a uniform random recursive tree with $n$ vertices. Successively, in a uniform random order, each edge is either set on fire with some probability $p_n$ or fireproof with probability $1-p_n$. Fires propagate in…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-02-17 Cyril Marzouk

Burning and cooling are diffusion processes on graphs in which burned (or cooled) vertices spread to their neighbors with a new source picked at discrete time steps. In burning, the one tries to burn the graph as fast as possible, while in…

We study a discrete-time model for the spread of information in a graph, motivated by the idea that people believe a story when they learn of it from two different origins. Similar to the burning number, in this problem, information spreads…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-14 C. B. Jacobs , M. E. Messinger , A. N. Trenk

The concept of graph burning and burning number ($bn(G)$) of a graph G was introduced recently [1]. Graph burning models the spread of contagion (fire) in a graph in discrete time steps. $bn(G)$ is the minimum time needed to burn a graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Zahra Rezai Farokh , Maryam Tahmasbi , Zahra Haj Rajab Ali Tehrani , Yousof Buali

A flashover occurs when a fire spreads very rapidly through crevices due to intense heat. Flashovers present one of the most frightening and challenging fire phenomena to those who regularly encounter them: firefighters. Firefighters'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Kyongsik Yun , Jessi Bustos , Thomas Lu

The graph burning problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that helps quantify the vulnerability of a graph to contagion. This paper introduces a simple farthest-first traversal-based approximation algorithm for this problem…

We consider the problem of controlling a partially-observed dynamic process on a graph by a limited number of interventions. This problem naturally arises in contexts such as scheduling virus tests to curb an epidemic; targeted marketing in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Eli A. Meirom , Haggai Maron , Shie Mannor , Gal Chechik

The burning number $b(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of rounds required to burn all vertices when, at each discrete step, existing fires spread to neighboring vertices and one new fire may be ignited at an unburned vertex. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 John Peca-Medlin

We consider a variant of Cops and Robbers wherein each edge traversed by the robber is deleted from the graph. The focus is on determining the minimum number of cops needed to capture a robber on a graph $G$, called the {\em bridge-burning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-27 William B. Kinnersley , Eric Peterson

We consider a deterministic discrete-time model of fire spread introduced by Hartnell [1995] and the problem of minimizing the number of burnt vertices when deploying a limited number of firefighters per timestep. We consider the process…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mike Develin , Stephen G. Hartke

Motivated by the burning and cooling processes, the burning game is introduced. The game is played on a graph $G$ by the two players (Burner and Staller) that take turns selecting vertices of $G$ to burn; as in the burning process, burning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Nina Chiarelli , Vesna Iršič , Marko Jakovac , William B. Kinnersley , Mirjana Mikalački

A team of $r$ {\it revolutionaries} and a team of $s$ {\it spies} play a game on a graph $G$. Initially, revolutionaries and then spies take positions at vertices. In each subsequent round, each revolutionary may move to an adjacent vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-06 Daniel W. Cranston , Clifford D. Smyth , Douglas B. West

Wildfire is an important system process of the earth that occurs across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. A variety of methods have been used to predict wildfire phenomena during the past century to better our understanding of…

Applications · Statistics 2013-12-24 S. W. Taylor , Douglas G. Woolford , C. B. Dean , David L. Martell

Wildfires cause major losses worldwide, and the frequency of fire-weather conditions is likely to increase in many regions. We study the allocation of suppression resources over time on a graph-based representation of a landscape to slow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Gustavo Delazeri , Marcus Ritt

The burning and forcing processes are both instances of propagation processes on graphs that are commonly used to model real-world spreading phenomena. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. We first establish a connection between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Aida Abiad , Pax Mallee

Humans have been able to tackle biosphere complexities by acting as ecosystem engineers, profoundly changing the flows of matter, energy and information. This includes major innovations that allowed to reduce and control the impact of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Martí Sánchez-Fibla , Clément Moulin-Frier , Ricard Solé