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Graph burning is a simple model for the spread of social influence in networks. The objective is to measure how quickly a fire (e.g., a piece of fake news) can be spread in a network. The burning process takes place in discrete rounds. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-05 Shahin Kamali , Avery Miller , Kenny Zhang

Graph burning is a discrete-time process that models the spread of social contagion. Initially, all vertices are unburned. In each round, one unburned vertex is selected and burned, while any unburned vertex that has a burned neighbour from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Jesper Jansson , Shashanka Kulamarva , Yukihiro Murakami , Nikolaas Verhulst

Graph burning is a discrete process that models the spread of influence through a network using a fire as a proxy for the type of influence being spread. This process was recently extended to hypergraphs. We introduce a variant of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Andrea C. Burgess , John A. Hawkin , Alexander J. M. Howse , Caleb W. Jones , David A. Pike

Graph burning is a deterministic, discrete-time process that models how influence or contagion spreads in a graph. Associated to each graph is its burning number, which is a parameter that quantifies how quickly the influence spreads. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Anthony Bonato

We prove that any Cayley graph $G$ with degree $d$ polynomial growth does not satisfy $\{f(n)\}$-containment for any $f=o(n^{d-2})$. This settles the asymptotic behaviour of the firefighter problem on such graphs as it was known that…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-04 Gideon Amir , Rangel Baldasso , Gady Kozma

We study Hartnell's firefighter problem on infinite trees and characterise the branching number in terms of the firefighting game. Using our results about trees, we give a partial answer to a question of Mart\'inez-Pedroza concerning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-06 Florian Lehner

We introduce the bodyguard problem for graphs. This is a variation of Surrounding Cops and Robber but, in this model, a smallest possible group of bodyguards must surround the president and then maintain this protection indefinitely. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Nancy E. Clarke , Danny Dyer , William Kellough

The containment game is a full information game for two players, initialised with a set of occupied vertices in an infinite connected graph $G$. On the $t$-th turn, the first player, called Spreader, extends the occupied set to $g(t)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Ohad Noy Feldheim , Itamar Israeli

Graph burning models the spread of information or contagion in a graph. At each time step, two events occur: neighbours of already burned vertices become burned, and a new vertex is chosen to be burned. The big conjecture is known as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-18 Danielle Cox , M. E. Messinger , Kerry Ojakian

The burning number is a recently introduced graph parameter indicating the spreading speed of content in a graph through its edges. While the conjectured upper bound on the necessary numbers of time steps until all vertices are reached is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Michaela Hiller , Eberhard Triesch , Arie M. C. A. Koster

Graph burning is a discrete-time process that models the propagation of information in a network. Initially, we have an undirected graph of unburned vertices. At each time step, an unburned vertex is chosen to burn; additionally, unburned…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Dhanyamol Antony , L. Sunil Chandran , Anita Das , Shirish Gosavi , Dalu Jacob , Shashanka Kulamarva

We use Hartnell's model for virus spread on a graph, also known as firefighting. For rooted trees, we propose an Unburning Algorithm, a type of greedy algorithm starting from the leaves and working back towards the root. We show that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Andrea Barnett , Robert Bond , Anthony Macias , Thomas W. Mattman , Bill Parnell , Ely Schoenfield

The Burning Number Problem (BNP) models the spread of information or contagion in a network through a discrete-time process on a graph. At each step, one new vertex is selected as a burning source, while fire simultaneously spreads from…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Dhanyamol Antony , L. Sunil Chandran , Anita Das , Shirish Gosavi , Dalu Jacob , Shashanka Kulamarva

Continuous and discrete models for firefighting problems are well-studied in Theoretical Computer Science. We introduce a new, discrete, and more general framework based on a hexagonal cell graph to study firefighting problems in varied…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Rolf Klein , David Kübel , Elmar Langetepe , Jörg-Rüdiger Sack , Barbara Schwarzwald

We study the m-eternal domination problem from the perspective of the attacker. For many graph classes, the minimum required number of guards to defend eternally is known. By definition, if the defender has less than the required number of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Václav Blažej , Jan Matyáš Křišťan , Tomáš Valla

Dominating sets in graphs are often used to model some monitoring of the graph: guards are posted on the vertices of the dominating set, and they can thus react to attacks occurring on the unguarded vertices by moving there (yielding a new…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Guillaume Bagan , Nicolas Bousquet , Nacim Oijid , Théo Pierron

Let $G$ be any connected graph on $n$ vertices, $n \ge 2.$ Let $k$ be any positive integer. Suppose that a fire breaks out at some vertex of $G.$ Then, in each turn firefighters can protect at most $k$ vertices of $G$ not yet on fire; Next…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Przemysław Gordinowicz

A procedure called \textit{graph burning} was introduced to facilitate the modelling of spread of an alarm, a social contagion, or a social influence or emotion on graphs and networks. Graph burning runs on discrete time-steps (or rounds).…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Arya Tanmay Gupta

Graph burning is one model for the spread of memes and contagion in social networks. The corresponding graph parameter is the burning number of a graph $G$, written $b(G)$, which measures the speed of the social contagion. While it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-01 Anthony Bonato , Thomas Lidbetter

Mobile guards on the vertices of a graph are used to defend the graph against an infinite sequence of attacks on vertices. A guard must move from a neighboring vertex to an attacked vertex (we assume attacks happen only at vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-07 William F. Klostermeyer , Gary MacGillivray