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Introducing the simplest of all No-Signalling Games: the RGB Game where two verifiers interrogate two provers, Alice and Bob, far enough from each other that communication between them is too slow to be possible. Each prover may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-29 Xavier Coiteux-Roy , Claude Crépeau

We introduce pseudo-deterministic interactive proofs (psdAM): interactive proof systems for search problems where the verifier is guaranteed with high probability to output the same output on different executions. As in the case with…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-16 Shafi Goldwasser , Ofer Grossman , Dhiraj Holden

We explore quantum-inspired interactive proof systems where the prover is limited. Namely, we improve on a result by [AG17] showing a quantum-inspired interactive protocol ($\sf IP$) for $\sf PreciseBQP$ where the prover is only assumed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-08 Ayal Green , Guy Kindler , Yupan Liu

In this work we consider the interplay between multiprover interactive proofs, quantum entanglement, and zero knowledge proofs - notions that are central pillars of complexity theory, quantum information and cryptography. In particular, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-28 Alex B. Grilo , William Slofstra , Henry Yuen

Condon and Lipton (FOCS 1989) showed that the class of languages having a space-bounded interactive proof system (IPS) is a proper subset of decidable languages, where the verifier is a probabilistic Turing machine. In this paper, we show…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-07-18 Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

In this thesis, we answer several questions about the behaviour of prover-verifier interactions under parallel repetition when quantum information is allowed, and the verifier acts independently in them. We first consider the case in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-23 Abel Molina

This paper presents stronger methods of achieving perfect completeness in quantum interactive proofs. First, it is proved that any problem in QMA has a two-message quantum interactive proof system of perfect completeness with constant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Hirotada Kobayashi , François Le Gall , Harumichi Nishimura

We show that, for any language in NP, there is an entanglement-resistant constant-bit two-prover interactive proof system with a constant completeness vs. soundness gap. The previously proposed classical two-prover constant-bit interactive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-13 Richard Cleve , Dmitry Gavinsky , Rahul Jain

We present a protocol that transforms any quantum multi-prover interactive proof into a nonlocal game in which questions consist of logarithmic number of bits and answers of constant number of bits. As a corollary, this proves that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-12 Zhengfeng Ji

The study of distributed interactive proofs was initiated by Kol, Oshman, and Saxena [PODC 2018] as a generalization of distributed decision mechanisms (proof-labeling schemes, etc.), and has received a lot of attention in recent years. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 François Le Gall , Masayuki Miyamoto , Harumichi Nishimura

Recently, researchers have been working toward the development of practical general-purpose protocols for verifiable computation. These protocols enable a computationally weak verifier to offload computations to a powerful but untrusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-09 Justin Thaler

We show that if a language $L$ admits a public-coin unambiguous interactive proof (UIP) with round complexity $\ell$, where $a$ bits are communicated per round, then the batch language $L^{\otimes k}$, i.e. the set of $k$-tuples of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Bonnie Berger , Rohan Goyal , Matthew M. Hong , Yael Tauman Kalai

Suppose that a polynomial-time mixed-state quantum circuit, described as a sequence of local unitary interactions followed by a partial trace, generates a quantum state shared between two parties. One might then wonder, does this quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Patrick Hayden , Kevin Milner , Mark M. Wilde

We introduce two models of space-bounded quantum interactive proof systems, ${\sf QIPL}$ and ${\sf QIP_{\rm U}L}$. The ${\sf QIP_{\rm U}L}$ model, a space-bounded variant of quantum interactive proofs (${\sf QIP}$) introduced by Watrous (CC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 François Le Gall , Yupan Liu , Harumichi Nishimura , Qisheng Wang

The round complexity of interactive proof systems is a key question of practical and theoretical relevance in complexity theory and cryptography. Moreover, results such as QIP = QIP(3) (STOC'00) show that quantum resources significantly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Alex B. Grilo , Philippe Lamontagne

We continue the study of doubly-efficient proof systems for verifying agnostic PAC learning, for which we obtain the following results. - We construct an interactive protocol for learning the $t$ largest Fourier characters of a given…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Tom Gur , Mohammad Mahdi Jahanara , Mohammad Mahdi Khodabandeh , Ninad Rajgopal , Bahar Salamatian , Igor Shinkar

The widely held belief that BQP strictly contains BPP raises fundamental questions: if we cannot efficiently compute predictions for the behavior of quantum systems, how can we test their behavior? In other words, is quantum mechanics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-17 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or , Elad Eban , Urmila Mahadev

Interactive Theorem Provers (ITPs) are an indispensable tool in the arsenal of formal method experts as a platform for construction and (formal) verification of proofs. The complexity of the proofs in conjunction with the level of expertise…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Eric Yeh , Briland Hitaj , Sam Owre , Maena Quemener , Natarajan Shankar

This paper proves one of the open problem posed by Beigi et al. in arXiv:1004.0411v2. We consider quantum interactive proof systems where in the beginning the verifier and prover send messages to each other with the combined length of all…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-09-06 Attila Pereszlényi

We present an information theoretic proof of the nonsignalling multiprover parallel repetition theorem, a recent extension of its two-prover variant that underlies many hardness of approximation results. The original proofs used de Finetti…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Himanshu Tyagi , Shun Watanabe