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In situ electron microscopy is a key tool for understanding the mechanisms driving novel phenomena in 2D structures. Unfortunately, due to various practical challenges, technologically relevant 2D heterostructures prove challenging to…

Numerous physical phase plates (PP) for phase-contrast enhancement in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been proposed and studied with the hole-free or Volta PP having a high impact and interest in recent years. This study is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-25 Simon Hettler , Raul Arenal

*To be published in Springer Handbook of Surface Science (Springer Verlag) [Preprint]* The capability to display images containing chemical, magnetic and structural information and to perform spectroscopy and diffraction from a {\mu}m-sized…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-06 Alessandro Sala

The three scanning electron microscope diffraction based techniques of electron channelling patterns (ECPs), electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI), and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) are reviewed. The dynamical diffraction…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-04-12 AJ Wilkinson , PB Hirsch

Digital image comparison and matching brings many advantages over the traditional subjective human comparison, including speed and reproducibility. Despite the existence of an abundance of image difference metrics, most of them are not…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-06-07 Manuel Ederer , Stefan Löffler

Material properties strongly depend on the nature and concentration of defects. Characterizing these features may require nano- to atomic-scale resolution to establish structure-property relationships. 4D-STEM, a technique where diffraction…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-05-03 Stephanie M. Ribet , Colin Ophus , Roberto dos Reis , Vinayak P. Dravid

Experimental plots of the fraction of detected electrons removed from the zero-loss peak, versus the fraction of incident electrons scattered outside of the objective aperture, can serve as a robust fingerprint of object-contrast in an…

General Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 P. Fraundorf , K. Pisane , E. Mandell , R. Collins

Multi-pass transmission electron microscopy (MPTEM) has been proposed as a way to reduce damage to radiation-sensitive materials. For the field of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), this would significantly reduce the number of projections…

The contrast mechanism for ferroelectric domain imaging via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is investigated. A novel analysis of PFM measurements is presented which takes into account the background caused by the experimental setup.…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-08-31 T. Jungk , A. Hoffmann , E. Soergel

We explore the possibility to perform an in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) thermoelectric characterization of materials. A differential heating element on a custom in-situ TEM microchip allows to generate a temperature gradient…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-14 Simon Hettler , Mohammad Furqan , Andres Sotelo , Raul Arenal

Photopyroelectric spectroscopy (PPE) was used to study the thermal and optical properties of electropolymerized melanins. The photopyroelectric intensity signal and its phase were independently measured as a function of wavelength, as well…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-11 J. E. de Albuquerque , C. Giacomantonio , A. White , P. Meredith

Defects in crystalline materials control the properties of materials, and their characterization focuses our strategies to optimize performance. Electron microscopy has served as the backbone of our understanding of defect structure and…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-03-19 Daniel S. Gianola , T. Ben Britton , Stefan Zaefferer

Strong coupling between electrical and mechanical phenomena and the presence of switchable polarization have enabled applications of ferroelectric materials for nonvolatile memories (FeRAM), data storage, and ferroelectric lithography.…

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) uses current-voltage measurements on the surface of an imaging subject to detect conductivity changes or anomalies. EIT is a promising new technique with great potential in medical imaging and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-11-19 Bastian Harrach , Marcel Ullrich

Optical methods for monitoring the electrochemical reaction at the interface are advantageous because of their table-top setup and ease of integration into reactors. Here we apply EDL-modulation microscopy to one of the main components of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-03-21 Zhu Zhang , Sanli Faez

Precession Electron Diffraction (PED) offers a number of advantages for crystal structure analysis and solving unknown structures using electron diffraction. The current article uses many-beam simulations of PED intensities, in combination…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-22 W. Sinkler , L. D. Marks

Phase contrast imaging is used to observe Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) at finite temperature in situ. The imaging technique is used to accurately derive the absolute phase shift of a probe laser beam due to both the condensate and the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2009-09-25 R. Meppelink , R. A. Rozendaal , S. B. Koller , J. M. Vogels , P. van der Straten

Photoelectron emission microscopy PEEM is a powerful tool to spectroscopically image dynamic surface processes at the nanoscale but is traditionally limited to ultra high or moderate vacuum conditions. Here, we develop a novel grapheme…

Electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based technique that enables bulk-sample characterization of crystallographic defects (e.g. dislocations, stacking faults, low angle boundaries). Despite…

Timely recognition of voltage instability is crucial to allow for effective control and protection interventions. Phasor measurements units (PMUs) can be utilized to provide high sampling rate time-synchronized voltage and current phasors…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2013-08-05 R. Leelaruji , L. Vanfretti , J. O. Gjerde , S. Lovlund