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This review addresses the acute need to acknowledge the mechanical heterogeneity of brain matter and to accurately calibrate its local viscoelastic material properties accordingly. Specifically, it is important to compile the existing and…
In radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, the radiation dose delivered to the pharyngeal mucosa (mucosal lining of the throat) is thought to be a major contributing factor to dysphagia (swallowing dysfunction), the most commonly reported…
Evidence from animal models and epidemiological studies has linked prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) to a broad range of long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits. However, there is virtually no information in the scientific literature…
The hippocampus is an essential brain region for spatial memory and learning. Recently, a theoretical model of the hippocampus based on temporal difference (TD) learning has been published. Inspired by the successor representation (SR)…
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication after a surgery which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The majority of existing perioperative AKI risk score prediction models are limited in their generalizability…
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important clinical tool to capture sleep-wake cycling. It can also be used for grading injury, known as hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy(HIE), caused by lack of oxygen or blood to the brain during birth.…
Grid cells in the dorsolateral band of the medial entorhinal cortex(dMEC) display strikingly regular periodic firing patterns on a lattice of positions in 2-D space. This helps animals to encode relative spatial location without reference…
NMDA receptors are ion channels activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate in the mammalian brain and are important in synaptic function and plasticity, but are also found in extrasynaptic locations and influence neuronal excitability.…
This study investigates the impact of changes in body composition and follow-up imaging modalities on recurrence and prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The results indicate that an increase in the…
The oxidation kinetics of hematite {\alpha}-Fe$_2$O$_3$(0001) surfaces are vital for its applications in catalysis, environmental remediation, and industrial processes. Despite prior studies, the roles of temperature, oxygen partial…
Bone age assessment (BAA) is clinically important as it can be used to diagnose endocrine and metabolic disorders during child development. Existing deep learning based methods for classifying bone age use the global image as input, or…
The incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) commonly happens in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, especially in the adults, which is an independent risk factor affecting short-term and long-term mortality. Though researchers in recent…
Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is vital to many scientific fields because the same treatment may affect different individuals differently. Quantile regression provides a natural framework for modeling such heterogeneity. We…
Overweight and obese individuals tend to have increased brain age, reflecting poorer brain health likely due to grey and white matter atrophy related to obesity. However, it is unclear if older brain age associated with obesity can be…
Brain iron deposition, in particular deep gray matter nuclei, increases with advancing age. Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is the most common inherited disorder of systemic iron excess in Europeans and recent studies claimed high brain…
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient and biologically plausible, ideal for embedded and security-critical systems, yet their adversarial robustness remains open. Existing adversarial attacks often overlook SNNs' bio-plausible…
This study estimated the planning quality of intensity-modulated radiotherapy in 42 lung cancer cases to provide preliminary data for the development of a planning quality assurance algorithm. Organs in or near the thoracic cavity…
Proton therapy has been rapidly advancing due to its excellent conformal index, but its relatively low relative biological effect (RBE) has somewhat limited its therapeutic efficacy for certain tumors. To address this, we previously…
Deficient myelination of the brain is associated with neurodevelopmental delays, particularly in high-risk infants, such as those born small in relation to their gestational age (SGA). New methods are needed to further study this condition.…
It has been postulated that the delivery of radiotherapy at ultra-high dose rates ("FLASH") reduces normal tissue toxicities by depleting them of oxygen. The fraction of normal tissue and cancer cells surviving radiotherapy depends on dose…