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Brain Age (BA) estimation via Deep Learning has become a strong and reliable bio-marker for brain health, but the black-box nature of Neural Networks does not easily allow insight into the features of brain ageing.We trained a ResNet model…
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder whose neuroimaging-based diagnosis remains challenging due to complex time-varying disruptions in brain connectivity. Functional MRI (fMRI) provides…
Recent progress in neuroscience to image and investigate brain function has been made possible by impressive developments in optogenetic and opto-molecular tools. Such research requires advances in optical techniques for the delivery of…
Introduction- Identifying the potential firing patterns following different brain regions under normal and abnormal conditions increases our understanding of events at the level of neural interactions in the brain. The Izhikevich model is…
Deep neural networks are facing severe threats from adversarial attacks. Most existing black-box attacks fool target model by generating either global perturbations or local patches. However, both global perturbations and local patches…
Accurate segmentation of organs at risk in the head and neck is essential for radiation therapy, yet deep learning models often fail on small, complexly shaped organs. While hybrid architectures that combine different models show promise,…
Maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension in adult offspring. Midlife hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that the ageing…
The low-frequency component of the upcoming Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKA-Low) will be sensitive enough to construct 3D tomographic images of the 21-cm signal distribution during reionisation. However, foreground contamination…
The aim of this study was to estimate the number of new cells and neurons added to the dentate gyrus across the lifespan, and to compare the rate of age-associated decline in neurogenesis across species. Data from mice (Mus musculus), rats…
Lead is a naturally-occurring element. It has been known to man for a long time, and it is one of the longest established poisons. The current consensus is that no level of lead exposure should be deemed "safe." New evidence regarding the…
This study investigates the application of quantum neural networks (QNNs) for propensity score estimation to address selection bias in comparing survival outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgical techniques in a cohort of 1177…
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the coding sequence of the huntingtin protein. Initially, it predominantly affects medium-sized spiny neurons (MSSNs) of the corpus…
Physical activity (PA) is widely recognized as protective against mental distress, yet whether this benefit varies systematically across population subgroups remains poorly understood. Using pooled data from ten consecutive annual waves of…
Purpose: Computational head models are essential tools for studying the risk of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) under different activities and across populations. However, different computational models incorporate varied levels of…
Medication adherence is critical for the recovery of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who have undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, maintaining adherence is challenging for AYAs after hospital discharge, who…
Radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer has a toxic effect on mucosa, the soft tissue in and around the mouth. Hence mucositis is a serious common side effect and is a condition characterized by pain and inflammation of the…
Background: This study aimed to predict lesion-specific outcomes after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma (MBM), using clinical, dosimetric, and pretherapeutic MRI data. Methods: In…
Purpose: To develop a deep learning approach to digitally-stain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the optic nerve head (ONH). Methods: A horizontal B-scan was acquired through the center of the ONH using OCT (Spectralis) for 1…
Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare, genetically determined brain disorder that limits the life of the patient, although early prognosis of HD can substantially improve the patient's quality of life. Current HD prognosis methods…
Inflammation of brain tissue is a complex response of the immune system to the presence of toxic compounds or to cell injury, leading to a cascade of pathological processes that include glial cell activation. Noninvasive magnetic resonance…