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Traumatic brain injury is a global public health problem associated with chronic neurological complications and long-term disability. Biomarkers that map onto the underlying brain pathology driving these complications are urgently needed to…
Diagnosing knee joint osteoarthritis (KOA), a major cause of disability worldwide, is challenging due to subtle radiographic indicators and the varied progression of the disease. Using deep learning for KOA diagnosis requires broad,…
Neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling represents a molecular trigger for diverse central nervous system adaptations and maladaptions. The altered function of dorsal spinal inhibitory interneurons is strongly implicated in the mechanisms…
Autoassociative networks were proposed in the 80's as simplified models of memory function in the brain, using recurrent connectivity with hebbian plasticity to store patterns of neural activity that can be later recalled. This type of…
The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid extracellular plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing hyper-phosphorylated tau. Individuals carrying the…
The hippocampus is often attributed to episodic memory formation and storage in the mammalian brain; in particular, Alme et al. showed that hippocampal area CA3 forms statistically independent representations across a large number of…
The human brain is the most powerful and efficient machine in existence today, surpassing in many ways the capabilities of modern computers. Currently, lines of research in neuromorphic engineering are trying to develop hardware that mimics…
Attention mechanisms underpin modern deep learning, while the quadratic time and space complexity limit scalability for long sequences. To address this, Quantum Annealing Multi-Head Attention (QAMA) is proposed, a novel drop-in operator…
The quantification of treatment effects plays an important role in a wide range of applications, including policy making and bio-pharmaceutical research. In this article, we study the quantile treatment effect (QTE) while addressing two…
Hair follicles constantly cycle through phases of growth, regression and rest, as matrix keratinocytes (MKs), the cells producing hair fibers, proliferate, and then undergo spontaneous apoptosis. Damage to MKs and perturbations in their…
Glutamate and glycine are important neurotransmitters in the brain. An action potential prop- agating in the terminal of a presynatic neuron causes the release of glutamate and glycine in the synapse by vesicles fusing with the cell…
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with structural alterations across cortical and subcortical regions. Quantitative neuroimaging enables large-scale analysis of these neuroanatomical patterns. This project used structural…
Recently, \citet{Nicholls12}, inspired by \emph{in situ} observations of solar system astrophysical plasmas, suggested that the electrons in \HII regions are characterised by a $\kappa$-distribution of electron energies rather than by a…
In some medical imaging tasks and other settings where only small parts of the image are informative for the classification task, traditional CNNs can sometimes struggle to generalise. Manually annotated Regions of Interest (ROI) are…
Network quantization is a dominant paradigm of model compression. However, the abrupt changes in quantized weights during training often lead to severe loss fluctuations and result in a sharp loss landscape, making the gradients unstable…
Purpose: To assess the utility of Laplacian fitting to describe the differences in hyperpolarized 13C urea T2 relaxation in ischemic and healthy rodent kidneys. Theory and Methods: Six rats with unilateral renal ischemia were investigated.…
The brain has computational capabilities that surpass those of modern systems, being able to solve complex problems efficiently in a simple way. Neuromorphic engineering aims to mimic biology in order to develop new systems capable of…
Early detection of brain tumors through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for timely treatment, yet access to diagnostic facilities remains limited in remote areas. Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors, arise from the…
Background: Gravity confounds arm movement ability in post-stroke hemiparesis. Reducing its influence allows effective practice leading to recovery. Yet, there is a scarcity of wearable devices suitable for personalized use across diverse…
When holes are doped into a Mott-Hubbard type insulator, like lightly doped manganites of the La(1-x)CaxMnO3 family, the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortions and the appearance of orbital ordering require an arrangement of Mn(3+)/Mn(4+) for…