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Catastrophic overfitting (CO) presents a significant challenge in single-step adversarial training (AT), manifesting as highly distorted deep neural networks (DNNs) that are vulnerable to multi-step adversarial attacks. However, the…
Background: Vancomycin, a key antibiotic for severe Gram-positive infections in ICUs, poses a high nephrotoxicity risk. Early prediction of kidney injury in critically ill patients is challenging. This study aimed to develop a machine…
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often underpowered to detect treatment heterogeneity in subgroups defined by cross-classifications of multiple covariates, due to sparse sample sizes in some strata. External RCT data can help, but…
We investigate the possible influence of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes on the conduction properties of the selectivity filter of voltage gated ion channels. Any change of this conductivity can…
Respiratory modulation of sympathetic nerve activity (respSNA) was studied in a hypertensive rodent model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) rats and Lewis controls. In adult animals under in vivo…
Survival analysis aims to model how covariates and time jointly shape the time-to-event distribution under right censoring. Classical methods such as the Cox model and generalised additive models (GAMs) require interactions and time-varying…
Functional alterations in the relevant neural circuits occur from drug addiction over a certain period. And these significant alterations are also revealed by analyzing fMRI. However, because of fMRI's high dimensionality and poor…
Time-dependent and constituent-specific spectral changes in soft near edge X-ray spectroscopy (XAS) of an [Fe/MgO]$_8$ metal/insulator heterostructure upon laser excitation are analyzed at the O K-edge with picosecond time resolution. The…
This paper deals with segmentation of organs at risk (OAR) in head and neck area in CT images which is a crucial step for reliable intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment. We introduce a convolution neural network with encoder-decoder…
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic is a potential cause of carcinogenesis. It elicits its potential by generation of ROS, leading to DNA, protein and lipid damage. Therefore, the deleterious effect of arsenic can be mitigated by…
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), a sudden decline in kidney function, is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, length of stay, and hospital cost. Since AKI is sometimes preventable, there is great interest in prediction. Most existing…
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition that manifests at multiple levels and involves a spectrum of abnormalities ranging from the cellular to cognitive. Here, we investigate the impact of AD-related tau-pathology…
Recent experimental evidences indicate that pyruvate, the final metabolite of glycolysis, has a remarkable protective effect against different types of brain injury. The purpose of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effect and the…
Background: The hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory and cognition. Because of the associated toxicity from whole brain radiotherapy, more advanced treatment planning techniques prioritize hippocampal avoidance, which depends on an…
Research has shown that neurons within the brain are selective to certain stimuli. For example, the fusiform face area (FFA) region is known by neuroscientists to selectively activate when people see faces over non-face objects. However,…
Computer-aided diagnosis of skin diseases is an important tool. However, the interpretability of computer-aided diagnosis is currently poor. Dermatologists and patients cannot intuitively understand the learning and prediction process of…
Individualized training improved post-stroke motor function rehabilitation efficiency. However, the mechanisms of how individualized training facilitates recovery is not clear. This study explored the cortical and corticomuscular…
Statistical methods for identifying harmful chemicals in a correlated mixture often assume linearity in exposure-response relationships. Non-monotonic relationships are increasingly recognised (e.g., for endocrine-disrupting chemicals);…
Scholars from diverse fields increasingly rely on high-frequency spatio-temporal data. Yet, causal inference with these data remains challenging due to spatial spillover and temporal carryover effects. We develop methods to estimate…
Epileptiform activity (EA) is associated with worse outcomes including increased risk of disability and death. However, the effect of EA on the neurologic outcome is confounded by the feedback between treatment with anti-seizure medications…