English

Prisoners, Rooms, and Lightswitches

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing 2020-09-21 v1 Discrete Mathematics Computer Science and Game Theory Combinatorics History and Overview

Abstract

We examine a new variant of the classic prisoners and lightswitches puzzle: A warden leads his nn prisoners in and out of rr rooms, one at a time, in some order, with each prisoner eventually visiting every room an arbitrarily large number of times. The rooms are indistinguishable, except that each one has ss lightswitches; the prisoners win their freedom if at some point a prisoner can correctly declare that each prisoner has been in every room at least once. What is the minimum number of switches per room, ss, such that the prisoners can manage this? We show that if the prisoners do not know the switches' starting configuration, then they have no chance of escape -- but if the prisoners do know the starting configuration, then the minimum sufficient ss is surprisingly small. The analysis gives rise to a number of puzzling open questions, as well.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2009.08575,
  title  = {Prisoners, Rooms, and Lightswitches},
  author = {Daniel M. Kane and Scott Duke Kominers},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.08575},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T18:37:41.005Z