English

On imaginary quadratic fields with non-cyclic class groups

Number Theory 2025-03-04 v1

Abstract

For a fixed abelian group HH, let NH(X)N_H(X) be the number of square-free positive integers dXd\leq X such that H is a subgroup of CL(Q(d))CL(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-d})). We obtain asymptotic lower bounds for NH(X)N_H(X) as XX\to\infty in two cases: H=Z/g1Z×(Z/2Z)lH=\mathbb{Z}/g_1\mathbb{Z}\times (\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})^l for l2l\geq 2 and 2g132\nmid g_1\geq 3, H=(Z/gZ)2H=(\mathbb{Z}/g\mathbb{Z})^2 for 2g52\nmid g\geq 5. More precisely, for any ϵ>0\epsilon >0, we showed NH(X)X12+32g1+2ϵN_H(X)\gg X^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{2g_1+2}-\epsilon} when H=Z/g1Z×(Z/2Z)lH=\mathbb{Z}/g_1\mathbb{Z}\times (\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})^l for l2l\geq 2 and 2g132\nmid g_1\geq 3. For the second case, under a well known conjecture for square-free density of integral multivariate polynomials, for any ϵ>0\epsilon >0, we showed NH(X)X1g1ϵN_H(X)\gg X^{\frac{1}{g-1}-\epsilon} when H=(Z/gZ)2H=(\mathbb{Z}/g\mathbb{Z})^2 for g5 g\geq 5. The first case is an adaptation of Soundararajan's results for H=Z/gZH=\mathbb{Z}/g\mathbb{Z}, and the second conditionally improves the bound X1gϵX^{\frac{1}{g}-\epsilon} due to Byeon and the bound X1g/(logX)2X^{\frac{1}{g}}/(\log X)^{2} due to Kulkarni and Levin.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.00787,
  title  = {On imaginary quadratic fields with non-cyclic class groups},
  author = {Yi Ouyang and Qimin Song and Chenhao Zhang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.00787},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T22:03:29.802Z