Layer-by-layer resistive switching: multi-state functionality due to electric-field-induced healing of "dead" layers

Materials exhibiting reversible resistive switching in electrical fields are highly demanded for functional elements in oxide electronics. In particular, multilevel switching effects allow for advanced applications like neuromorphic circuits. Here we report on a structurally driven switching mechanism involving the so-called `dead layers' of perovskite manganite surfaces. Forming a tunnel barrier whose thickness can be changed in monolayer steps by electrical fields, the switching effect exhibits well-defined and robust resistive states.