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Public-key cryptosystems for quantum messages are considered from two aspects: public-key encryption and public-key authentication. Firstly, we propose a general construction of quantum public-key encryption scheme, and then construct an…

This research note II introduces a way to understand a basic concept of the quantum enigma cipher. The conventional cipher is designed by a mathematical algorithm and its security is evaluated by the complexity of the algorithm in security…

Li et al. presented a protocol [Int. Journal of Quantum Information, Vol. 4, No. 6 (2006) 899-906] for quantum key distribution based on entanglement swapping. In this protocol they use random and certain bits to construct a classical key…

Secret-message transmission by echoing encrypted probes (STEEP) is discussed as an alternative to quantum key distribution (QKD). The former only needs classic or non-quantum channels while the latter needs both quantum and classic channels…

We show that a simple eavesdropper listening in on classical communication between potentially entangled quantum parties will eventually be able to impersonate any of the parties. Furthermore, the attack is efficient if one-way puzzles do…

We consider the problem of constructing an unconditionally secure cipher with a short key for the case where the probability distribution of encrypted messages is unknown. Note that unconditional security means that an adversary with no…

The work by Christandl, K\"onig and Renner [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 020504 (2009)] provides in particular the possibility of studying unconditional security in the finite-key regime for all discrete-variable protocols. We spell out this bound…

Analyzing carefully an experimentally feasible non-entangled single qubit quantum secret sharing protocol and its modified version [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 230505 (2005); ibid. 98, 028902 (2007)], it is found that both versions are insecure…

The advantages of post-quantum cryptography over classical cryptography are covered in this survey. We address several post-quantum cryptography techniques. We conclude that the deployment of quantum-safe cryptographic systems is…

We propose a quantum key distribution protocol with quantum based user authentication. Our protocol is the first one in which users can authenticate each other without previously shared secret and then securely distribute a key where the…

The importance of quantum key distribution as a cryptographic method depends upon its purported strong security guarantee. The following gives reasons on why such strong security guarantee has not been validly established and why good QKD…

Recently, Lu et al. have proposed two image search schemes based on additive homomorphic encryption [IEEE Access, 2 (2014), 125-141]. We remark that both two schemes are flawed because: (1) the first scheme does not make use of the additive…

An authenticated encryption scheme allows messages to be encrypted and authenticated simultaneously. In 2003, Ma and Chen proposed such a scheme with public verifiability. That is, in their scheme the receiver can efficiently prove to a…

This article argues that security is not enough to fully capture what is at stake in government exceptional access to encrypted data. A conception of privacy as security has little to say about ``lawful-surveillance protocols'' -- an active…

A symmetric encryption method based on properties of quasicrystals is proposed. The advantages of the cipher are strict aperiodicity and everywhere discontinuous property as well as the speed of computation, simplicity of implementation and…

We analyze the security of recently proposed image encryption scheme [1]. We show that the scheme is insecure and the methods used to evaluate its security are insufficient. By designing the Deliberately Weak Cipher, a completely vulnerable…

A quantum password is a quantum mechanical analogue of the classical password. Our proposal is completely quantum mechanical in nature, i.e. at no point is information stored and manipulated classically. We show that, in contrast to quantum…

Encryption and Decryption is the process of sending a message in a ciphered way that appears meaningless and could be deciphered using a key for security purposes to avoid data breaches. This paper expands on the previous work on…

By carrying out measurements on entangled states, two parties can generate a secret key which is secure not only against an eavesdropper bound by the laws of quantum mechanics, but also against a hypothetical "post-quantum" eavesdroppers…

In this paper, we show a "direct" equivalence between certain authentication codes and robust secret sharing schemes. It was previously known that authentication codes and robust secret sharing schemes are closely related to similar types…