相关论文: Comment on the Ghost State in the Lee Model

We argue that if de Sitter space is indeed represented by a finite dimensional quantum system, then semi-classical considerations, combined with the fundamental principles of quantum measurement theory, imply that any theoretical model of…

Quantum Hoare logic allows us to reason about quantum programs. We present an extension of quantum Hoare logic that introduces "ghost variables" to extend the expressive power of pre-/postconditions. Ghost variables are variables that do…

We discuss the variational method used in lattice spectroscopy calculations. In particular we address the role of ghost contributions which appear in quenched or partially quenched simulations and have a non-standard euclidean time…

Recently, the observed equation of state for dark energy appears to favor values below $-1$. The tendency implies that the nature of dark energy may be quite different from that of the cosmological constant. In view of the adjustment on the…

We study the influence rules of the speckle size of light source on ghost imaging, and propose a new type of speckle patterns to improve the quality of ghost imaging. The results show that the image quality will first increase and then…

In a systematic way, we investigate a widely asked question: Do LLMs really understand what they say?, which relates to the more familiar term Stochastic Parrot. To this end, we propose a summative assessment over a carefully designed…

We present a novel way to constrain the ghost field with respect to other physical fields present in a given theory such that the theory becomes quantizable. This is achieved by imposing positivity of the total kinetic energy of the system…

Language models are susceptible to bias, sycophancy, backdoors, and other tendencies that lead to unfaithful responses to the input context. Interpreting internal states of language models could help monitor and correct unfaithful behavior.…

We introduce the notions of semi-uniform input-to-state stability and its subclass, polynomial input-to-state stability, for infinite-dimensional systems. We establish a characterization of semi-uniform input-to-state stability based on…

The aim of these notes is to provide a self-contained review of why it is generically a problem when a solution of a theory possesses ghost fields among the perturbation modes. We define what a ghost field is and we show that its presence…

A vacuum instability due to a massless ghost in a hidden sector can lead to an effective equation of state for dark energy that changes smoothly from $w=-3/2$ at large redshifts, to $w\approx-1.2$ today, to $w=-1$ in the future. We discuss…

We investigate the stability against inhomogeneous perturbations and the appearance of ghost modes in Gauss-Bonnet gravitational theories with a non-minimally coupled scalar field, which can be regarded as either the dilaton or a…

Recent LHC results concerning the mass of the Higgs boson indicate that the vacuum in our Universe may be unstable. We analyze properties of unstable vacuum states from the point of view of the quantum theory of unstable states. From the…

We consider dynamics of hidden variables for measurements in a generalized bell-type model for a single spin using natural assumptions. The evolution of the system, which can be expressed as dynamic chaos is studied. The equilibrium state…

In the realm of a quantum cosmological model for dark energy in which we have been able to construct a well-defined Hilbert space, a consistent coherent state representation has been formulated that may describe the quantum state of the…

Very recently we present a theory to discuss the nature of light and show that the quantization of light energy in vacuum can be derived directly from classical electromagnetic theory. In the theory a key concept of stability of statistical…

In this paper, we point out thermodynamical description of ghost dark energy and its generalization to the early universe. Thereinafter, we find expressions for the entropy changes of these dark energy candidates. In addition, considering…

The key observation about quantum reality is that it often appears as if, at some moment, the probability of a quantum event becomes a definite outcome for us. A careful analysis suggests, however, that what we perceive as a definite state…

In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions under which a linear time-invariant (LTI) system is state feedback equivalent to a negative imaginary (NI) system. More precisely, we show that a minimal LTI strictly proper…

We study the relativistic Lee model on static Riemannian manifolds. The model is constructed nonperturbatively through its resolvent, which is based on the so-called principal operator and the heat kernel techniques. It is shown that making…