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According to Bell's theorem, certain entangled states cannot be simulated classically using local hidden variables (LHV). But if can we augment LHV by classical communication, how many bits are needed to simulate them? There is a strong…

A scheme is proposed by which two parties, Alice and Bob, can securely exchange real numbers. The scheme requires Alice and Bob to share entanglement and both to perform Bell-state measurements. With a qubit system two real numbers can each…

We prove an explicit upper bound on the amount of entanglement required by any strategy in a two-player cooperative game with classical questions and quantum answers. Specifically, we show that every strategy for a game with n-bit questions…

Here, we present the quantum version of a very famous statistical decision problem, whose classical version is counter-intuitive to many. The Monty Hall game can be phrased as a two person game between Alice and Bob. In their pioneering…

In order to avoid the risk of information leakage during the information mutual transmission between two authorized participants, i.e., Alice and Bob, a quantum dialogue protocol based on the entanglement swapping between any two Bell…

We consider an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics (QM) outside physics, namely, to game theory. We present a simple game between macroscopic players, say Alice and Bob (or in a more complex form - Alice, Bob and…

A quantum algorithm succeeds not because the superposition principle allows 'the computation of all values of a function at once' via 'quantum parallelism,' but rather because the structure of a quantum state space allows new sorts of…

Quantum teleportation provides a way to transfer unknown quantum states from one system to another via an entangled state as a quantum channel without physical transmission of the object itself. The entangled channel, measurement performed…

We provide an interesting two-party parity oblivious communication game whose success probability is solely determined by the Bell expression. The parity-oblivious condition in an operational quantum theory implies the preparation…

We consider a coalitional game with the same payoff for all players. To maximize the payoff, the players need to use one collective strategy, if all players are in certain states, and the other strategy otherwise. The current state of each…

A number of recent studies have focused on novel features in game theory when the games are played using quantum mechanical toolbox (entanglement, unitary operators, measurement). Researchers have concentrated in two-player-two strategy,…

Secret sharing is a procedure for sharing a secret among a number of participants such that only the qualified subsets of participants have the ability to reconstruct the secret. Even in the presence of eavesdropping, secret sharing can be…

Quantum game theory is a multidisciplinary field which combines quantum mechanics with game theory by introducing non-classical resources such as entanglement, quantum operations and quantum measurement. By transferring two-player-two…

Self-testing is a method to verify that one has a particular quantum state from purely classical statistics. For practical applications, such as device-independent delegated verifiable quantum computation, it is crucial that one self-tests…

Quantum information processing is at the crossroads of physics, mathematics and computer science. It is concerned with that we can and cannot do with quantum information that goes beyond the abilities of classical information processing…

We demonstrate how the quantum teleportation protocol of a single qubit can be understood by designing a simple game that can be played by three participants: Alice, Bob, and *Quantum God*.

It is possible for two parties, Alice and Bob, to establish a secure communication link by sharing an ensemble of entangled particles, and then using these particles to generate a secret key. One way to establish that the particles are…

Ideal quantum teleportation transfers an unknown quantum state intact from one party Alice to the other Bob via the use of a maximally entangled state and the communication of classical information. If Alice and Bob do not share…

Quantum telepathy is the phenomenon where two non-communicating parties can exhibit correlated behaviors that are impossible to achieve using classical resources. This is also known as Bell inequality violation and is made possible by…

We introduce two two-player quantum pseudo-telepathy games based on two recently proposed all-versus-nothing (AVN) proofs of Bell's theorem [A. Cabello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 210401 (2005); Phys. Rev. A 72, 050101(R) (2005)]. These games…