相关论文: Understanding light quanta: The Photon

In quantum optics it is usual to describe the basic energy quanta of the electromagnetic (EM) field, photons, in terms of monochromatic waves which have a definite energy and momentum, and satisfy bosonic commutation relations. Taking this…

We study the effective theory of soft photons in slowly varying electromagnetic background fields at one-loop order in QED. This is of relevance for the study of all-optical signatures of quantum vacuum nonlinearity in realistic…

A critical review of the obscure nature of the contribution of spin energy to the energy of the electromagnetic field is presented. It is proposed that the total energy of photon h\nu comprises of kinetic and spin parts each equal to…

Standard pedagogy introduces optics as though it were a consequence of Maxwell's equations, and only grudgingly admits, usually in a rushed aside, that light has a particulate character that can somehow be reconciled with the wave picture.…

Photon spheres, surfaces where massless particles are confined in closed orbits, are expected to be common astrophysical structures surrounding ultracompact objects. In this paper a semiclassical treatment of a photon sphere is proposed. We…

We develop the quantum theory of transverse angular momentum of light beams. The theory applies to paraxial and quasi-paraxial photon beams in vacuum, and reproduces the known results for classical beams when applied to coherent states of…

We revisit the quantum oscillator model of the electromagnetic field and conclude that, while the nonlocal positive and negative frequency ladder operators generate a photon Fock basis, the Hermitian field operators obtained by second…

We study theoretically by means of quantum electrodynamics the vortex radiation of a relativistic electron in a uniform magnetic field. The exact expressions for the probability of emission of a photon with a certain angular momentum are…

Quantum optics potentially offers an information channel from the Universe beyond the established ones of imaging and spectroscopy. All existing cameras and all spectrometers measure aspects of the first-order spatial and/or temporal…

We investigate cosmology of massive electrodynamics and explore the possibility whether massive photon could provide an explanation of the dark energy. The action is given by the scalar-vector-tensor theory of gravity which is obtained by…

In this report we show that vacuum is a nonlinear optical medium and we discuss what are the optical phenomena that should exist in the framework of the standard model of particle physics. We pay special attention to the low energy limit.…

We compute the photon polarization tensor at one-loop order in the presence of a constant and uniform electric field. Our calculation is carried out for arbitrary field strength using the Schwinger proper-time formalism, and we explicitly…

The power and the probability of electromagnetic radiation from an electron in a constant background tensor field violating Lorentz invariance are calculated. The case of a background field of the quasielectric type is considered. The…

It is shown that relative coordinate and momentum of coherent electron pair have the meaning of observables with the help of quadrupole and magnetic moments. Distributions of quadrupole terms of scalar potential are shown. These…

In spite of its outstanding success, quantum mechanics remains mysterious, many problems such as wave/particle dualism and quantum nonlocality remain open. Because a particle, e.g. a photon, is a quantum of a corresponding quantum field, an…

We give a pedagogical overview of dark photons. We describe the theory and their importance in particle physics research, and discuss searches using laboratory, astrophysical, and cosmological probes.

We observe that it is very usefull to introduce a complex field for the axion photon system in an external magnetic field, when for example considered with the geometry of the experiments exploring axion photon mixing, where the real part…

We present a comprehensive and pedagogic discussion of the properties of photons in cold and dense nuclear matter based on the resummed one-loop photon self energy. Correlations between electrons, muons, protons and neutrons in beta…

Retrieving the vast amount of information carried by a photon is an enduring challenge in quantum metrology science and quantum photonics research. The transverse spatial state of a photon is a convenient high-dimensional quantum system for…

We state several ideas based on the view-point of particle behaviour of matter to explain wave character of photon and elementary particles. By using Newton's suggestion of light ray, we clarify integrally the behaviour of light ``wave''.…