相关论文: Labels for non-individuals

There has been increased interest in devising learning techniques that combine unlabeled data with labeled data ? i.e. semi-supervised learning. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed across various techniques…

In a predicative framework from basic logic, defined for a model of quantum parallelism by sequents, we characterize a class of first order domains, termed {\em virtual singletons}, which allows a generalization of the notion of duality,…

Quantum nonlocality is usually associated with entangled states by their violations of Bell-type inequalities. However, even unentangled systems, whose parts may have been prepared separately, can show nonlocal properties. In particular, a…

Quantum theory implies, and empirical evidence confirms, that while particles $\textit{can}$ exhibit wave-like behavior in interferometric experiments, this behavior is so limited as $\textit{not}$ to allow for third- and higher-order…

We use quasi-orders to describe the structure of C-groups. We do this by associating a quasi-order to each compatible C-relation of a group, and then give the structure of such quasi-ordered groups. We also reformulate in terms of…

There exists a dispute in philosophy, going back at least to Leibniz, whether is it possible to view the world as a network of relations and relations between relations with the role of objects, between which these relations hold, entirely…

In 1929 Szilard pointed out that the physics of the observer may play a role in the analysis of experiments. The same year, Bohr pointed out that complementarity appears to arise naturally in psychology where both the objects of perception…

Relational quantum queries are sometimes capable to effectively decide between collections of mutually exclusive elementary cases without completely resolving and determining those individual instances. Thereby the set of mutually exclusive…

Ever since its beginnings, standard quantum mechanics has been associated with a metaphysical view according to which the theory deals with non-individual objects, i.e., objects deprived of individuality in some sense of the term. We shall…

In the Contextuality-by-Default theory random variables representing measurement outcomes are labeled contextually, i.e., not only by what they measure but also under what conditions (in what contexts) the measurements are made, including…

Quantum theory demands that, in contrast to classical physics, not all properties can be simultaneously well defined. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is a manifestation of this fact. Another important corollary arises that there can be…

We study properties of semi-elementary imsets and elementary imsets introduced by Studeny (2005). The rules of the semi-graphoid axiom (decomposition, weak union and contraction) for conditional independence statements can be translated…

We show a hitherto unexplored consequence of the property of identicity in quantum mechanics. If two identical objects, distinguished by a dynamical variable A, are in certain entangled states of another dynamical variable B, then, for such…

In the absence of an external frame of reference physical degrees of freedom must describe relations between systems. Using a simple model, we investigate how such a relational quantum theory naturally arises by promoting reference systems…

Set theory brought revolution to philosophy of mathematics and it can bring revolution to philosophy of physics too. All that stands in the way is the intuition that sets of physical objects cannot themselves be physical objects, which…

In a labeling scheme the vertices of a given graph from a particular class are assigned short labels such that adjacency can be algorithmically determined from these labels. A representation of a graph from that class is given by the set of…

Negativities in quasiprobability distributions, a foundational concept originating in quantum optics, serve as a fundamental signature of quantum nonclassicality, with entanglement quasiprobabilities offering a necessary and sufficient…

Nonlocality is a distinctive feature of quantum theory, which has been extensively studied for decades. It is found that the uncertainty principle determines the nonlocality of quantum mechanics. Here we show that various degrees of…

In multipartite entanglement theory, the partial separability properties have an elegant, yet complicated structure, which boils down in the case when multipartite correlations are considered. In this work, we elaborate this, by giving…

A quasi-automatic semigroup is defined by a finite set of generators, a rational (regular) set of representatives, such that if a is a generator or neutral, then the graph of right multiplication by a on the set of representatives is a…