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We propose a new cryptographic protocol. It is suggested to encode information in ordinary binary form into many-qubit entangled states with the help of a quantum computer. A state of qubits (realized, e.g., with photons) is transmitted…

The need for secrecy and security is essential in communication. Secret sharing is a conventional protocol to distribute a secret message to a group of parties, who cannot access it individually but need to cooperate in order to decode it.…

By sending systems in specially prepared quantum states, two parties can communicate without an eavesdropper being able to listen. The technique, called quantum cryptography, enables one to verify that the state of the quantum system has…

In the literature, strong coin tossing protocols based on bit commitment have been proposed. Here we examine a protocol that instead tries to achieve the task by sharing entanglement securely. The protocol uses only qubits, and has bias…

Based on quantum entanglement, an all-or-nothing oblivious transfer protocol is proposed and is proven to be secure. The distinct merit of the present protocol lies in that it is not based on quantum bit commitment. More intriguingly, this…

Unconditionally secure non-relativistic bit commitment is known to be impossible in both the classical and the quantum world. However, when committing to a string of n bits at once, how far can we stretch the quantum limits? In this letter,…

The position of a device or agent is an important security credential in today's society, both online and in the real world. Unless in direct proximity, however, the secure verification of a position is impossible without further…

Though it was proven that secure quantum sealing of a single classical bit is impossible in principle, here we propose an unconditionally secure quantum sealing protocol which seals a classical bit string. Any reader can obtain each bit of…

An unconditionally secure quantum cion tossing protocol for two remote participants via entangled swapping is presented. The security of this protocol is guaranteed by the nonlocal property of quantum entanglement and the classical…

The proof of the No-Go Theorem of unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment depends on the assumption that Alice knows every detail of the protocol, including the probability distributions associated with all the random variables…

We propose a novel double-entanglement-based quantum cryptography protocol that is both efficient and deterministic. The proposal uses photon pairs with entanglement both in polarization and in time degrees of freedom; each measurement in…

Absolutely and asymptotically secure protocols for organizing an exam in a quantum way are proposed basing judiciously on multipartite entanglement. The protocols are shown to stand against common types of eavesdropping attack.

Bit commitment is a fundamental cryptographic primitive in which Bob wishes to commit a secret bit to Alice. Perfectly secure bit commitment has been proven impossible through asynchronous exchange of classical and quantum information.…

A contemporary technological milestone is to build a quantum device performing a computational task beyond the capability of any classical computer, an achievement known as quantum adversarial advantage. In what ways can the entanglement…

We describe new unconditionally secure bit commitment schemes whose security is based on Minkowski causality and the monogamy of quantum entanglement. We first describe an ideal scheme that is purely deterministic, in the sense that neither…

Recently the explicit applicability of bound entanglement in quantum cryptography has been shown. In this paper some of recent results respecting this topic are reviewed. In particular relevant notions and definitions are reminded. The new…

We introduce a protocol for quantum secret sharing based on reusable entangled states. The entangled state between the sender and the receiver acts only as a carrier to which data bits are entangled by the sender and disentangled from it by…

A typical concept in quantum state analysis is based on the idea that states in the vicinity of some pure entangled state share the same properties; implying that states with a high fidelity must be entangled. States whose entanglement can…

We propose a new unconditionally secure bit commitment scheme based on Minkowski causality and the properties of quantum information. The receiving party sends a number of randomly chosen BB84 qubits to the committer at a given point in…

Quantum protocols for secret sharing usually rely on multi-party entanglement which with present technology is very difficult to achieve. Recently it has been shown that sequential manipulation and communication of a single $d-$ level state…