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Quantum algorithms use the principles of quantum mechanics, as for example quantum superposition, in order to solve particular problems outperforming standard computation. They are developed for cryptography, searching, optimisation,…

The task of finding an entry in an unsorted list of $N$ elements famously takes $O(N)$ queries to an oracle for a classical computer and $O(\sqrt{N})$ queries for a quantum computer using Grover's algorithm. Reformulated as a spatial search…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-01-04 Thomas G. Wong

We present a quantum algorithm for solving perfect mazes by casting the pathfinding task as a structured search problem. Building on Grover's amplitude amplification, the algorithm encodes all candidate paths in superposition and evaluates…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-31 Michelle L. Wu

The Grover search algorithm is one of the two key algorithms in the field of quantum computing, and hence it is of significant interest to describe it in the most efficient mathematical formalism. We show firstly, that Clifford's formalism…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-01-10 James M. Chappell , M. A. Lohe , Lorenz von Smekal , Azhar Iqbal , Derek Abbot

Traditional tree search algorithms supply a blueprint for modeling problem solving behaviour. A diverse spectrum of problems can be formulated in terms of tree search. Quantum computation, in particular Grover's algorithm, has aroused a…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2015-02-09 Luís Tarrataca , Andreas Wichert

We review Grover's algorithm by means of a detailed geometrical interpretation and a worked out example. Some basic concepts of Quantum Mechanics and quantum circuits are also reviewed. This work is intended for non-specialists which have…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 C. Lavor , L. R. U. Manssur , R. Portugal

Grover's search algorithm searches a database of $N$ unsorted items in $O(\sqrt{N/M})$ steps where $M$ represents the number of solutions to the search problem. This paper proposes a scheme for searching a database of $N$ unsorted items in…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 A. S. Gupta , M. Gupta , A. Pathak

Quantum advantage is the core of quantum computing. Grover's search algorithm is the only quantum algorithm with proven advantage to any possible classical search algorithm. However, realizing this quantum advantage in practice is quite…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-06-21 Jian Leng , Fan Yang , Xiang-Bin Wang

Numerous conceptually important quantum algorithms rely on a black-box device known as an oracle, which is typically difficult to construct without knowing the answer to the problem that the algorithm is intended to solve. A notable example…

Quantum algorithm, as compared to classical algorithm, plays a notable role in solving linear systems of equations with an exponential speedup. Here, we demonstrate a method for solving a particular system of equations by using the concept…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-08-20 Rituparna Maji , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

In this work we address two questions concerning Grover's algorithm. In the first we give an answer to the question how to employ Grover's algorithm for actual search over database. We introduce a quantum model of an unordered phone book…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-06-26 Daniel Reitzner , Mario Ziman

Quantum Algorithms have long captured the imagination of computer scientists and physicists primarily because of the speed up achieved by them over their classical counterparts using principles of quantum mechanics. Entanglement is believed…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-05-31 Shantanav Chakraborty , Subhashish Banerjee , Satyabrata Adhikari , Atul Kumar

Grover's algorithm is a fundamental quantum algorithm that offers a quadratic speedup for the unstructured search problem by alternately applying physically implementable oracle and diffusion operators. In this paper, we reformulate the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-15 Zhijian Lai , Dong An , Jiang Hu , Zaiwen Wen

We generalize Grover's unstructured quantum search algorithm to enable it to use an arbitrary starting superposition and an arbitrary unitary matrix simultaneously. We derive an exact formula for the probability of the generalized Grover's…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-12-18 Robert Gingrich , Colin P. Williams , Nicolas Cerf

Quantum computational devices, currently under development, have the potential to accelerate data analysis techniques beyond the ability of any classical algorithm. We propose the application of a quantum algorithm for the detection of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-09-06 Sijia Gao , Fergus Hayes , Sarah Croke , Chris Messenger , John Veitch

Withdrawn by the author due to irreparable errors. We present a quantum algorithm that in the black-box model performs a search in an ordered list of N elements. Using 3/4 log N + O(1) queries, it achieves a success probability of at least…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Hein Roehrig

Grover's algorithm is a fundamental quantum algorithm that achieves a quadratic speedup for unstructured search problems of size $N$. Recent studies have reformulated this task as a maximization problem on the unitary manifold and solved it…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-06 Zhijian Lai , Dong An , Jiang Hu , Zaiwen Wen

I improve the tight bound on quantum searching by Boyer et al. (quant-ph/9605034) to a matching bound, thus showing that for any probability of success Grovers quantum searching algorithm is optimal. E.g. for near certain success we have to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-10-30 Christof Zalka

Grover's search algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical brute-force search in terms of query complexity and is widely used as a versatile subroutine in numerous quantum algorithms, including those for combinatorial problems…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-27 Eunok Bae , Jeonghyeon Shin , Minjin Choi

Grover's algorithm constitutes the optimal quantum solution to the search problem and provides a quadratic speed-up over all possible classical search algorithms. Quantum interference between computational paths has been posited as a key…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-10-11 Ciarán M. Lee , John H. Selby