相关论文: How photon detectors remove vacuum fluctuations
Correlations in photodetection signals from quantum light sources are conventionally calculated by application of the source master equation and the quantum regression theorem. In this article we show how the conditioned dynamics,…
When the vacuum fluctuation pressure is calculated directly from fundamental principles of quantum field theory, in the same manner as vacuum fluctuation energy density is commonly calculated, one finds it is not equal to the negative of…
We show that the spatial structure of electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations, predicted by quantum electrodynamics, can be indirectly observed using thermal noise at radio frequencies. Using simple lab equipment like coaxial cables and RF…
It had been a long standing problem that there is no consistent definition of photon position operator nor photon number density in the context of quantum theory. In this paper we derive the photon detection operator, which defines location…
It is often asserted that quantum effects can be observed in coincidence detection rates or other correlations, but never in the rate of single-photon detection. We observe nonclassical interference in a singles rate, thanks to the…
It is commonly agreed that the electromagnetic vacuum is not empty but filled with virtual photons. This leads to effects like Lamb shift and spontaneous emission. Here we argue that if the vacuum has virtual photons it might mean that it…
Vacuum fluctuations can obscure the detection signal of the measurement of the smallest quantum objects like single particles seemingly implying a fundamental limit to measurement accuracy. However, as we show relativistic invariance…
The conventional McCartney model simplifies fog as a scattering medium with space-time invariance, as the time-variant nature of fog is a pure noise for classical optical imaging. In this letter, an opposite finding to traditional idea is…
We propose a design for a photon counting detector capable of resolving multiphoton events. The basic element of the setup is a fiber loop, which traps the input field with the help of a fast electrooptic switch. A single weakly coupled…
Fluctuation Theorems are central in stochastic thermodynamics, as they allow for quantifying the irreversibility of single trajectories. Although they have been experimentally checked in the classical regime, a practical demonstration in…
We develop an analytic model that relates intensity correlation measurements performed by an image sensor to the properties of photon pairs illuminating it. Experiments using both an effective single-photon counting (SPC) camera and a…
The physical parameters governing the dynamics of a light emitting quantum system can be estimated from the photon counting signal. The information available in the full detection record can be analysed by means of the distribution of…
Photodetection converts optical quantum states into measurement events, but the usual electric-field response model becomes restrictive when the detector response is shaped by cavity, superconducting, or metamaterial engineering. We develop…
All optical detectors to date annihilate photons upon detection, thus excluding repeated measurements. Here, we demonstrate a robust photon detection scheme which does not rely on absorption. Instead, an incoming photon is reflected off an…
The variance of difference of photocounts (VDPs) is an established measure of quantum correlations for quantum states of light. It enables us to discriminate between the classical correlation of a two-mode coherent state and the quantum…
We present a model of interacting quantum fields, formulated in a non-perturbative manner. One of the fields is treated semi-classically, the other is the photon field. The model has an interpretation of an electromagnetic field in a…
We investigate the computational power of passive and active linear optical elements and photo-detectors. We show that single photon sources, passive linear optics and photo-detectors are sufficient for implementing reliable quantum…
A unified description of multitime correlation functions, nonlinear response functions, and quantum measurements is developed using a common generating function which allows a direct comparison of their information content. A general formal…
Mean-field mixed quantum--classical dynamics could provide a much-needed means to inexpensively model quantum electrodynamical phenomena, by describing the optical field and its vacuum fluctuations classically. However, this approach is…
We present a scheme for a photon-counting detection system that can be operated at incident photon rates higher than otherwise possible by suppressing the effects of detector deadtime. The method uses an array of N detectors and a 1-by-N…