相关论文: Limits to differences in active and passive charge…
The interaction between charged particles through quasi-static fields must occur instantaneously; otherwise a violation of the energy principle would occur. As a consequence, the instantaneous transmission of both energy and information…
The Coulomb's formula for the force FC of electrostatic interaction between two point charges is well known. In reality, however, interactions occur not between point charges, but between charged bodies of certain geometric form, size and…
We find the electric field of a point charge in `truncated hyperbolic motion', in which the charge moves at a constant velocity followed by motion with a constant acceleration in its instantaneous rest frame. The same Lienard-Wiechert…
The Abelian Born-Infeld classical non-linear electrodynamic has been used to investigate the electric and magnetostatic fields generated by a point-like electrical charge at rest in an inertial frame. The results show a rich internal…
Chemical reactions involve the movement of charges, and this work presents a mathematical model for describing chemical reactions in electrolytes. The model is developed using an energy variational method that aligns with classical…
We use the isotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background to place stringent constraints on a possible electrical charge asymmetry of the universe. We find the excess charge per baryon to be $q_{e-p}<10^{-26}e$ in the case of a uniform…
An indication of spontaneous symmetry breaking is found in the two-dimensional $\lambda\phi^4$ model, where attention is paid to the functional form of an effective action. An effective energy, which is an effective action for a static…
Based on recent first-principles computations in perovskite compounds, especially BaTiO3, we examine the significance of the Born effective charge concept and contrast it with other atomic charge definitions, either static (Mulliken,…
It is shown that conserved charges associated with a specific subclass of gauge symmetries of Maxwell electrodynamics are proportional to the well known electric multipole moments. The symmetries are residual gauge transformations surviving…
We show how the electrical field inside the conductor changes as a function of the number of charged-particles. We show that the non-vanishing electrical field is concentrated near the surface of the conductor, at a shallow depth on the…
Conservation of current and conservation of charge are nearly the same thing: when enough is known about charge movement, conservation of current can be derived from conservation of charge, in ideal dielectrics, for example. Conservation of…
A method for describing charged relativistic Fermi fields is proposed, in which particles of opposite charges are treated equally and states with negative energy are excluded. The concept of charge quantum number is introduced. Fields of…
We study the interactions of a possibly dense and/or quantum degenerate gas with driving light. Both the atoms and the electromagnetic fields are represented by quantum fields throughout the analysis. We introduce a field theory version of…
A thoughtless treatment of Maxwell's equations can lead to the interpretation of the existence of a causal relationship between their different terms and, therefore, that an electric field that varies in time generates a magnetic one and…
The formation of dynamical patterns is one of the most striking features of nonequilibrium physical systems. Recent work has shown that such patterns arise generically from forces that violate Newton's third law, known as nonreciprocal…
An experiment is proposed which can distinguish between two approaches to the reality of the electric field, and whether it has mechanical properties such as mass and stress. A charged pendulum swings within the field of a much larger…
The time-dependent electromagnetic field can results both pair waves and pair particles. It can be for mathematical relations between two functions with identical argument and difference of phases equal to $\pi$. Two examples both the…
We show that the logarithmically rising static potential between opposite-charged sources in two dimensions is screened by dynamical fields even if the probe charges are fractional, in units of the charge of the dynamical fields. The effect…
Does a physical field exist independently of the interaction between the field source and the test body used to measure it at a given point? What does propagate between two physical bodies when they interact? These are the fundamental…
The existence of a classical limit describing interacting particles in a second-quantized theory of identical particles with bosonic symmetry is proved. This limit exists in addition to a previously established classical limit with a…