相关论文: Friendly units for coldness

The thermal properties of ice, liquid water and steam are at odds with statistical theories applied to many-body systems. Here, these properties are quantitatively explained with a bulk-scale matter field emerging from the indefinite status…

Quantitative thermal imaging has the potential of reliable temperature measurement across an entire field-of-view. This non-invasive technique has applications in aerospace, manufacturing and process control. However, robust temperature…

Heat flow between a large ``bath'' and a smaller system brings them progressively closer to thermal equilibrium while increasing their entropy. Deviations from this trend are fluctuations involving a small fraction of a statistical ensemble…

Entropy and temperature of a system in a coherent state are naturally defined on a base of a density matrix of the system. As an example, entropy and temperature are evaluated for coherent states of a harmonic oscillator and quantum field…

NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) Satellite has recently made the most accurate measurement of the temperature of the Universe determining it to be $2.726\pm 0.01\,$K. In trying to understand why the temperature has this value, one…

This paper suggests using the configurational temperature $\Tc$ for quantifying how far an active-matter system is from thermal equilibrium. We measure this ``distance'' by the ratio of the systemic temperature $\Ts$ to $\Tc$, where $\Ts$…

The technologies used in smart homes have recently improved to learn the user preferences from feedback in order to enhance the user convenience and quality of experience. Most smart homes learn a uniform model to represent the thermal…

As quantum computers increase in size, the total energy used by a quantum data center, including the cooling, will become a greater concern. The cooling requirements of quantum computers, which must operate at temperatures near absolute…

We study two small quantum systems coupled to the same reservoir which is in thermal equilibrium. By studying the particle density and the energy density in the two systems before and after they contact each other, we find that the two…

The energy dependent thermoelectric response of a single molecule contains valuable information about its transmission function and its excited states. However, measuring it requires devices that can efficiently heat up one side of the…

Quantum thermodynamics supplies a consistent description of quantum heat engines and refrigerators up to the level of a single few level system coupled to the environment. Once the environment is split into three;a hot, cold and work…

We consider a quantum system of fixed size consisting of a regular chain of $n$-level subsystems, where $n$ is finite. Forming groups of $N$ subsystems each, we show that the strength of interaction between the groups scales with $N^{-…

Performances of the symmetric universal and phase-covariant cloning transformations and entanglement cloners -- qubit case -- are investigated when the initial state of the hardware or the original state to be cloned is weakly coupled to a…

We consider the problem of estimating the temperature $ T $ of a very cold equilibrium sample. The temperature estimates are drawn from measurements performed on a quantum probe strongly coupled to it. We model this scenario by resorting to…

We perform molecular dynamics simulations of 512 water-like molecules that interact via the TIP5P potential and are confined between two smooth hydrophobic plates that are separated by 1.10 nm. We find that the anomalous thermodynamic…

A general expression for the temperature of a finite-dimensional quantum system is deduced from thermodynamic arguments. At equilibrium, this magnitude coincides with the standard thermodynamic temperature. Furthermore, it is well-defined…

The inexorable miniaturisation of technologies, the relentless drive to improve efficiency and the enticing prospect of boosting performance through quantum effects are all compelling reasons to investigate microscopic machines. Thermal…

Many quantum technologies, including quantum computers, quantum heat engines, and quantum sensors, rely on operating conditions in the subkelvin regime. It is therefore desirable to develop practical tools and methods for the precise…

For a thermodynamic system obeying both the equipartition theorem in high temperature and the third law in low temperature, the curve showing relationship between the specific heat and the temperature has two common behaviors:\ it…

We calculate the dependence of heat capacity of a free standing thin membrane on its thickness and temperature. A remarkable fact is that for a given temperature there exists a minimum in the dependence of the heat capacity on the…