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Scalable hydrogen production using proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers depends on overcoming efficiency losses arising from coupled multiphase, multicomponent transport and interfacial phenomena across the membrane electrode…
Proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEMEL) is a key technology for producing green hydrogen, but its scalability is limited by the use of scarce materials, particularly iridium. Iridium oxide, the preferred anode catalyst in PEMEL,…
The pedestal profile measurements in high triangularity JET plasmas show that with low fuelling the pedestal width decreases during the ELM cycle and with high fuelling it stays constant. In the low fuelling case the pedestal pressure…
Modeling phase change problems numerically is vital for understanding many natural (e.g., ice formation, steam generation) and engineering processes (e.g., casting, welding, additive manufacturing). Almost all phase change materials (PCMs)…
A self-consistent particle-in-cell simulation study is performed to investigate the effect of driving frequency on the electric field non-linearity, electron heating mechanism and electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in a low…
This paper presents new results which may constitute a breakthrough in the effort to develop fuel cells truly suitable for use in cars and trucks. For decades, researchers have known that the alkaline fuel cell (AFC) is much cheaper to…
Accurate temperature estimation of pouch cells with indirect liquid cooling is essential for optimizing battery thermal management systems for transportation electrification. However, it is challenging due to the computational expense of…
Direct numerical simulations of 3D compressible MHD turbulence were performed in order to study the relation between waves modes and coherent structures and the consequent energization of test particles. Moreover, the question of which is…
We performed high-pressure transport measurements on high-quality single crystals of KOs2O6, a beta-pyrochlore superconductor. While the resistivity at high temperatures might approach saturation, there is no sign of saturation at low…
There is much interest in how quantum systems thermalize after a sudden change, because unitary evolution should preclude thermalization. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis resolves this because all observables for quantum states in a…
The efficiency at maximum power (EMP) for tight-coupling molecular motors is investigated within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. It is found that the EMP depends merely on the constitutive relation between the thermodynamic…
The frequency of heating events in the corona is an important constraint on the coronal heating mechanisms. Observations indicate that the intensities and velocities measured in active region cores are effectively steady, suggesting that…
The concept of thermal machines has evolved from the canonical steam engine to the recently proposed nanoscopic quantum systems as working fluids. The latter obey quantum open system dynamics and frequently operate in non-equilibrium…
A premixed flame on a circular porous plug burner can form cellular flames, which are ordered patterns of concentric rings of brighter, hotter regions separated by darker, cooler cusps and folds. These ordered states bifurcate to dynamic…
Liquid metal batteries are possible candidates for large scale energy storage offering a possible breakthrough of intermittent wind and solar energy exploitations. The major concern over their practical implementation is the operation at…
Phase separating systems that are maintained away from thermodynamic equilibrium via molecular processes represent a class of active systems, which we call active emulsions. These systems are driven by external energy input for example…
The large-scale practical application of fuel cells in hydrogen economy is possible only with a dramatic reduction of the cost coupled with a significant improvement of the electrocatalytic properties of the electrodes. This goal can be…
The sustenance of life depends on the high degree of organization that prevails through different levels of living organisms, from subcellular structures such as biomolecular complexes and organelles to tissues and organs. The physical…
Impedance-based temperature detection (ITD) is a promising approach for rapid estimation of internal cell temperature based on the correlation between temperature and electrochemical impedance. Previously, ITD was used as part of an…
Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) has been recommended as an effective technology to the thermal management system of space exploration for its excellent ability of storing thermal energy. However, it is well known that the low…