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Do negative absolute temperatures matter physics and specifically Statistical Physics? We provide evidence that we can certainly answer positively to this vexata quaestio. The great majority of models investigated by statistical mechanics…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-07-07 Marco Baldovin , Stefano Iubini , Roberto Livi , Angelo Vulpiani

We reconsider a well-known relationship between the fluctuation theorem and the second law of thermodynamics by evaluating a probability measure-valued process. In order to establish a bridge between microscopic and macroscopic behaviors,…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-03-19 Yuki Sughiyama , Masayuki Ohzeki

The Gibbs distribution universally characterizes states of thermal equilibrium. In order to extend the Gibbs distribution to non-equilibrium steady states, one must relate the self-information $\mathcal{I}(x) = -\log(P_\text{ss}(x))$ of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2023-04-04 Nahuel Freitas , Massimiliano Esposito

We investigate the nonequilibrium steady-state thermodynamics of single Brownian macromolecules with inertia under feedback control in isothermal ambient fluid. With the control being represented by a velocity-dependent external force, we…

经典物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Kyung Hyuk Kim , Hong Qian

We develop non-equilibrium theory by using averages in time and space as a generalized way to upscale thermodynamics in non-ergodic systems. The approach offers a classical perspective on the energy dynamics in fluctuating systems. The rate…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2021-09-29 James E. McClure , Steffen Berg , Ryan T. Armstrong

The second Tisza-Callen postulate of equilibrium thermodynamics states that for any system exists a function of the system's extensive parameters, called entropy, defined for all equilibrium states and having the property that the values…

统计力学 · 物理学 2016-03-23 Dragos-Victor Anghel

Fundamental laws of physics are symmetric under time reversal ($T$) symmetry, but the $T$ symmetry is strongly broken in the macroscopic world. In this Perspective, I review $T$ symmetry breaking frameworks: \textit{second law of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-12-06 Mahendra K. Verma

Entropy is a fundamental thermodynamic quantity indicative of the accessible degrees of freedom in a system. While it has been suggested that the entropy of a mesoscopic system can yield nontrivial information on emergence of exotic states,…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2020-01-23 Yaakov Kleeorin , Holger Thierschmann , Hartmut Buhmann , Antoine Georges , Laurens W. Molenkamp , Yigal Meir

The second law of nonequilibrium thermodynamics within the open system paradigm (a small system coupled to one or multiple baths) is derived. This is done by showing positivity of entropy production for arbitrary Hamiltonian dynamics for a…

统计力学 · 物理学 2020-08-28 Philipp Strasberg

The Hamiltonian evolution of an isolated classical system is reversible, yet the second law of thermodynamics states that its entropy can only increase. This has confounded attempts to identify a `Microscopic Dynamical Entropy' (MDE), by…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-03-17 Mingnan Ding , Michael E. Cates

The observed general time-asymmetric behavior of macroscopic systems -- embodied in the second law of thermodynamics -- arises naturally from time-symmetric microscopic laws due to the great disparity between macro and micro-scales. More…

凝聚态物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Joel L. Lebowitz

Meixner's historical remark in 1969 "... it can be shown that the concept of entropy in the absence of equilibrium is in fact not only questionable but that it cannot even be defined...." is investigated from today's insight. Several…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-10-17 Wolfgang Muschik

Homogeneous and isotropic, nonsingular, bouncing world models are designed to evade the initial singularity at the beginning of the cosmic expansion. Here, we study the thermodynamics of the subset of these models governed by general…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2016-03-09 Pedro C. Ferreira , Diego Pavon

The problem of temperature in nonextensive statistical mechanics is studied. Considering the first law of thermodynamics and a "quasi-reversible process", it is shown that the Tsallis entropy becomes the Clausius entropy if the inverse of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Sumiyoshi Abe

Small quantum systems non-weakly coupled to a bath become in the quantum regime surrounded by a cloud of photons or phonons, which modifies their thermodynamic behavior. Exactly solvable examples are the Brownian motion of a quantum…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2015-06-24 Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

In the present work, we study the entropy productions in a system controlled by double control parameters. By introducing a thermal fluctuation part, we solve the problem that the second law of the thermodynamics seems to be violated by the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-08-21 Jang-il Sohn

Originally formulated for macroscopic machines, the laws of thermodynamics were recently shown to hold for quantum systems coupled to ideal sources of work (external classical fields) and heat (systems at equilibrium). Ongoing efforts have…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-06-29 Cyril Elouard , Camille Lombard Latune

It is a common belief that in any environment where life is possible, life will be generated. Here it is suggested that the cause for a spontaneous generation of complex systems is probability driven processes. Based on equilibrium…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2007-11-29 Oded Kafri

A scheme for treating the Second Law of thermodynamics as a constraint and accounting for the approximate nature of constitutive assumptions in continuum thermomechanics is discussed. An unconstrained, concave, variational principle is…

经典物理 · 物理学 2024-12-31 Amit Acharya

Macroscopic cyclic heat engines have been a major motivation for the emergence of thermodynamics. In the last decade, cyclic heat engines that have large fluctuations and operate at finite time were studied within the more modern framework…

统计力学 · 物理学 2022-10-03 Arya Datta , Patrick Pietzonka , Andre C Barato