相关论文: The universal potential fluctuations
Nanoscale machines are strongly influenced by thermal fluctuations, contrary to their macroscopic counterparts. As a consequence, even the efficiency of such microscopic machines becomes a fluctuating random variable. Using geometric…
Quantum fluctuations of a scalar field and its derivatives are calculated when the field is confined between two parallel plates satisfying Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. After regulation these fluctuations diverge in general…
Understanding the fluctuations of observables is one of the main goals in science, be it theoretical or experimental, quantum or classical. We investigate such fluctuations when only a subregion of the full system can be observed, focusing…
Complex systems consist of many interacting elements which participate in some dynamical process. The activity of various elements is often different and the fluctuation in the activity of an element grows monotonically with the average…
The copy number of any protein fluctuates among cells in a population; characterizing and understanding these fluctuations is a fundamental problem in biophysics. We show here that protein distributions measured under a broad range of…
The probability distributions of the masses of the clusters spanning from top to bottom of a percolating lattice at the percolation threshold are obtained in all dimensions from two to five. The first two cumulants and the exponents for the…
Arguments from scale physics, augmented by numerical and analytical investigations, are used to consider the probability and the detectability of superoscillations in generic functions. The detectability is defined as the fraction of the…
In this thesis we investigate several aspects related to the theory of fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background. We develop a new algorithm to calculate the angular power spectrum of the anisotropies which is two orders of magnitude…
Full-sky maps of the cosmic microwave background temperature reveal a 7% asymmetry of fluctuation power between two halves of the sky. A common phenomenological model for this asymmetry is an overall dipole modulation of statistically…
The possibility to constrain fractal space dimensionality from Astrophysics and other areas is briefly reviewed. Assuming such dimensionality to be $3 + \epsilon$, a limit to $\epsilon$ can be inferred from COBE satellite data. The…
We discuss the phenomenon of universal fluctuations in mesoscopic systems and nuclei. For this purpose we use Random Matrix Theory (RMT). The statistical $S$-matrix is used to obtain the physical observables in the case of Quantum Dots,…
Fundamental constants are a cornerstone of our physical laws. Any constant varying in space and/or time would reflect the existence of an almost massless field that couples to matter. This will induce a violation of the universality of free…
We consider the decay of a false vacuum in circumstances where the methods suggested by Coleman run into difficulties. We find that in these cases quantum fluctuations play a crucial role. Namely, they naturally induce both an ultraviolet…
Using a large N sigma model approximation we explicitly calculate the power spectrum of gravitational waves arising from a global phase transition in the early universe and we confirm that it is scale invariant, implying an observation of…
Fluctuations in high-redshift cosmic 21-cm radiation provide a new window for observing unconventional effects of high-energy physics in the primordial spectrum of density perturbations. In scenarios for which the initial state prior to…
The vacuum fluctuations of all quantum fields filling the universe are supposed to leave enormous energy and pressure contributions which are incompatible with observations. It has been recently suggested that, when the effective nature of…
Fluctuating hydrodynamics is used to describe the total energy fluctuations of a freely evolving gas of inelastic hard spheres near the threshold of the clustering instability. They are shown to be governed by vorticity fluctuations only,…
We calculate the fractional integral and derivative of the potential $1/r$ for all values of the fractional order $-1< \alpha \leq 0$ and $\alpha\geq 0$. We show that the result has the same form for all values of $\alpha$. Applications can…
We study electron propagation through a random array of rare, opaque and large (compared the de Broglie wavelength of electrons) scatterers. It is shown that for any convex scatterer the ratio of the transport to quantum lifetimes…
While the warming trends of the Earth's mean temperature are evident at climatological scales, the local temperature at shorter timescales are highly fluctuating. In this letter we show that the probabilities of such fluctuations are…