相关论文: Logic: A Misleading Concept. A Contradiction Study…
In this book one makes an introduction to non-standard analysis in the first part, needed to the next four chapters in order to study the neutrosophics: 1. Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy. 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field…
The paper presents a fresh new start on the neutrality of neutrosophy in that "both A and Non-A" as an alternative to describe Neuter-A in that we conceptualize things in both intentional and unintentional background. This unity of…
Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy which studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra.
Smarandache (2003) introduced a new set-valued fuzzy logic called (nonstandard) neutrosophic logic by using Robinson's nonstandard analysis. However, its definition involved many errors including the illegal use of nonstandard analysis. In…
Belief revision has been studied mainly with respect to background logics that are monotonic in character. In this paper we study belief revision when the underlying logic is non-monotonic instead--an inherently interesting problem that is…
Any system based on axioms is incomplete because the axioms cannot be proven from the system, just believed. But one system can be less-incomplete than other. Neutrosophy is less-incomplete than many other systems because it contains them.…
Fuzziness and randomicity widespread exist in natural science, engineering, technology and social science. The purpose of this paper is to present a new logic - uncertain propositional logic which can deal with both fuzziness by taking…
Negation as failure and incomplete information in logic programs have been studied by many researchers In order to explains HOW a negated conclusion was reached, we introduce and proof a different way for negating facts to overcoming…
Logical reasoning is central to human cognition and intelligence. It includes deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Past research of logical reasoning within AI uses formal language as knowledge representation and symbolic…
The logic of abduction involves a collision between deduction and induction, where empirical surprises violate expectations and scientists innovate to resolve them. Here we reformulate abduction as a social process, occurring not only…
Epistemic logic is known as a logic that captures the knowledge and beliefs of agents and has undergone various developments since Hintikka (1962). In this paper, we propose a new logic called agent-knowledge logic by taking the product of…
One main goal of argumentation theory is to evaluate arguments and to determine whether they should be accepted or rejected. When there is no clear answer, a third option, being undecided, has to be taken into account. Indecision is often…
One generalizes the intuitionistic fuzzy logic (IFL) and other logics to neutrosophic logic (NL). The distinctions between IFL and NL {and the corresponding intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and neutrosophic set (NS) respectively} are…
The science of complexity is based on a new way of thinking that stands in sharp contrast to the philosophy underlying Newtonian science, which is based on reductionism, determinism, and objective knowledge. This paper reviews the…
Motivation and perspective for an exciting new research direction interconnecting logic, spacetime theory, relativity--including such revolutionary areas as black hole physics, relativistic computers, new cosmology--are presented in this…
Nonmonotonic reasoning is a pattern of reasoning that allows an agent to make and retract (tentative) conclusions from inconclusive evidence. This paper gives a possible-worlds interpretation of the nonmonotonic reasoning problem based on…
Description Logics (DLs) are appropriate, widely used, logics for managing structured knowledge. They allow reasoning about individuals and concepts, i.e. set of individuals with common properties. Typically, DLs are limited to dealing with…
Cathoristic logic is a multi-modal logic where negation is replaced by a novel operator allowing the expression of incompatible sentences. We present the syntax and semantics of the logic including complete proof rules, and establish a…
The article demonstrates that logic is not necessarily singleton and does not always have the standard interpretation of negation. Appropriate generalizations of logic are suggested. Positive logic and multivalued negation operations are…
The paper presents some steps for multi-valued representation of neutrosophic information. These steps are provided in the framework of multi-valued logics using the following logical value: true, false, neutral, unknown and saturated.…