相关论文: A Unifying Field in Logics: Neutrosophic Logic, Ne…

In this book, for the first time we introduce the notion of neutrosophic algebraic structures for groups, loops, semigroups and groupoids; and also their neutrosophic N-algebraic structures. One is fully aware of the fact that many…

The goal of this paper is to show that there exists a simple, yet universal statistical logic of spectral graph analysis by recasting it into a nonparametric function estimation problem. The prescribed viewpoint appears to be good enough to…

This text presents an unified approach of probability and statistics in the pursuit of understanding and computation of randomness in engineering or physical or social system with prediction with generalizability. Starting from elementary…

Smarandache (2003) introduced a new set-valued fuzzy logic called (nonstandard) neutrosophic logic by using Robinson's nonstandard analysis. However, its definition involved many errors including the illegal use of nonstandard analysis. In…

This chapter presents probability logic as a rationality framework for human reasoning under uncertainty. Selected formal-normative aspects of probability logic are discussed in the light of experimental evidence. Specifically, probability…

The paper provides an introduction to the field of Algebraic Set Theory (AST). AST is a flexible categorical framework for studying different kinds of set theories: both classical and constructive, predicative and impredicative. We discuss…

In this paper, we present the interval neutrosophic logics which generalizes the fuzzy logic, paraconsistent logic, intuitionistic fuzzy logic and many other non-classical and non-standard logics. We will give the formal definition of…

The paper presents some steps for multi-valued representation of neutrosophic information. These steps are provided in the framework of multi-valued logics using the following logical value: true, false, neutral, unknown and saturated.…

A logic is defined that allows to express information about statistical probabilities and about degrees of belief in specific propositions. By interpreting the two types of probabilities in one common probability space, the semantics given…

We provide a formal introduction into the classic theorems of general topology and its axiomatic foundations in set theory. Starting from ZFC, the exposition in this first part includes relation and order theory as well as a construction of…

One generalizes the intuitionistic fuzzy logic (IFL) and other logics to neutrosophic logic (NL). The distinctions between IFL and NL {and the corresponding intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and neutrosophic set (NS) respectively} are…

In this paper we present a short history of logics: from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic. We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic,…

By probabilistic logic I mean a normative theory of belief that explains how a body of evidence affects one's degree of belief in a possible hypothesis. A new axiomatization of such a theory is presented which avoids a finite additivity…

Every scientific endeavour consists of (at least) two components: A hypothesis on the one hand and data on the other. There is always a more or less abstract level - some theory, a set of concepts, certain relations of ideas - and a…

This is the logical foundation for for Relativity Theory, Probability Theory, and for Quantum Theory. Contents is the following: 1 Introduction. 2 Classical logic. 3 Time and space. 3.1 Recorders. 3.2 Time. 3.3 Space. 3.4 Relativity. 4.…

We provide a formal introduction into the classic theorems of general topology and its axiomatic foundations in set theory. In this second part we introduce the fundamental concepts of topological spaces, convergence, and continuity, as…

These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in…

Fuzziness and randomicity widespread exist in natural science, engineering, technology and social science. The purpose of this paper is to present a new logic - uncertain propositional logic which can deal with both fuzziness by taking…

The main ideas behind nuclear supersymmetry are presented, starting from the basic concepts of symmetry and the methods of group theory in physics. We propose new, more stringent experimental tests that probe the supersymmetry…

Generally any real-world problem is not always solvable, because in that not only a percentage of uncertainty is present, but also, a certain percentage of indeterminacy is present. The presence of uncertainty has been analyzed using fuzzy…