相关论文: Defining the Force between Separated Sources on a …
We recall the special features of quantum dynamics on a light-front (in an infinite momentum frame) in string and field theory. The reason this approach is more effective for string than for fields is stressed: the light-front dynamics for…
The light-front quantization of gauge theories such as QCD in light-cone gauge provides a frame-independent wavefunction representation of relativistic bound states, simple forms for current matrix elements, explicit unitarity, and a…
The light-front QCD is studied using the method of flow equations. Solving the light-front gluon gap equation, the effective gluon mass is generated dynamically. The effective interaction between static quark and antiquark, generated…
The low-lying energy spectrum of the static-colour-source-anti-source system in a vacuum containing light and strange quarks is computed using lattice QCD for a range of different light quark masses. The resulting levels are described using…
The light-front quantization of gauge theories in light-cone gauge provides a frame-independent wavefunction representation of relativistic bound states, simple forms for current matrix elements, explicit unitary, and a trivial vacuum. The…
Quantum forces are long-range interactions originating from vacuum fluctuations of mediator fields. Such forces inevitably arise between ordinary matter particles whenever they couple to light mediator species. Conventional computations of…
General Relativity makes a distinction between mass and space. Mass tells space how to curve and space tells mass how to move. Newtonian gravity equation makes a distinction between them by having its numerator as mass effect and its…
Numerical results for the (rest-frame) $Q\bar{Q}$ potential in light-front quantized $QCD_{2+1}$ on a $\perp$ lattice are presented. Both in the longitudinal as well as the $\perp$ spatial directions one obtains linear confinement. The…
We argue that the definition of the thermodynamic work done on a charged particle by a time-dependent electromagnetic field is an open problem, because the particle's Hamiltonian is not gauge-invariant. The solution of this problem demands…
Systems of interacting charges and fields are ubiquitous in physics. Recently, it has been shown that Hamiltonians derived using different gauges can yield different physical results when matter degrees of freedom are truncated to a few…
Light-front coordinates offer a scenario in which a constituent picture of hadron structure can emerge from QCD, after several difficulties are addressed. Field theoretic difficulties force us to introduce cutoffs that violate Lorentz…
A lattice gauge theory with an action polynomial in independent field variables is considered. The link variables are described by unconstrained complex matrices instead of unitary ones. A mechanism which permits to switch off in the…
Pure glue QCD is formulated on a 2+1 dimensional transverse lattice, using discrete light-front quantization. The transverse component of the gauge fields is taken to be compact, but in a linearized approximation with an effective…
Light-front QCD is studied by the method of flow equations. Dynamical gluon mass is generated, which evolves with the cut-off according to renormalization group equation. Eliminating by flow equations the quark gluon coupling with the…
Gauge fields in the light front are traditionally addressed via the employment of an algebraic condition $n\cdot A=0$ in the Lagrangian density, where $A_{\mu}$ is the gauge field (Abelian or non-Abelian) and $n^\mu$ is the external,…
The light-front quantization of QCD provides an alternative to lattice gauge theory for computing the mass spectrum, scattering amplitudes, and other physical properties of hadrons directly in Minkowski space. Nonperturbative light-front…
The concept of the potential acting between charged particles is reviewed within the framework of quantum electrodynamics. The one-photon and two-photon exchange potentials V_1 \gamma and V_2 \gamma are discussed, with attention to the…
The force can be defined from the linear momentum in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field. But this definition can not cover the gradient of energy. In the paper, the force will be defined from the energy and torque in a new…
We describe the coupling of the strong force. Denoted as $\alpha_s$, it sets the strength of that force, just as $G$ or $\alpha$ specify the strength of the gravity and electromagnetism. Its value depends on the scale at which phenomena are…
We discuss the possible existence of new long-range forces mediated by spin-1 or spin-0 particles. They would add their effects to those of gravity, and could lead to apparent violations of the Equivalence Principle. Informations on the…