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A finite element simulation of the mechanical behaviour of woven textile materials at the scale of individual fibers is proposed in this paper. The aim of the simulation is to understand and identify phenomena involved at different scales…

Inference-time computation offers a powerful axis for scaling the performance of language models. However, naively increasing computation in techniques like Best-of-N sampling can lead to performance degradation due to reward hacking.…

The scientific scale-up of large language models (LLMs) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their scaling properties. However, the existing literature on the scaling properties only yields an incomplete answer: optimization loss…

Attack trees are considered a useful tool for security modelling because they support qualitative as well as quantitative analysis. The quantitative approach is based on values associated to each node in the tree, expressing, for instance,…

In this paper, we examine how large language models (LLMs) solve multi-step problems under a language agent framework with three components: a generator, a discriminator, and a planning method. We investigate the practical utility of two…

Our goal is to solve both problems of adverse selection and moral hazard for multi-agent projects. In our model, each selected agent can work according to his private "capability tree". This means a process involving hidden actions, hidden…

A major challenge in autonomous vehicle research is modeling agent behaviors, which has critical applications including constructing realistic and reliable simulations for off-board evaluation and forecasting traffic agents motion for…

The critical behavior of frustrated spin systems with nonplanar orderings is analyzed by a six-loop study in fixed dimension of an effective O$(N) \times $O$(M)$ Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian. For this purpose the large-order behavior…

In this note, we discuss the effective mass of quasiparticles in finite sized $\nu = 1/2$ systems in the lowest Landau level, given a natural notion we have of the Fermi surface in these finite sized systems. The effective mass is related…

Mesh numbering is a critical issue in Finite Element Methods, as the computational cost of one analysis is highly dependent on the order of the nodes of the mesh. This paper presents some preliminary investigations on the problem of mesh…

The question of the exact nature of the phase transition in two-flavor QCD is still under discussion. Recent results for small quark masses in simulations with 2+1 flavors show scaling behavior consistent with the O(4) or O(2) universality…

We consider analytically as well as numerically the finite-size scaling behavior in the stationary state near the non-equilibrium phase transition of directed percolation within the mean field regime, i.e., above the upper critical…

Large language models (LLMs) excel across diverse natural language processing tasks but face resource demands and limited context windows. Although techniques like pruning, quantization, and token dropping can mitigate these issues, their…

We determine the mass gap of a two-dimensional $O(3)$ nonlinear sigma model augmented with a topological $\theta$-term using tensor network and digital quantum algorithms. As proof of principle, we consider the example $\theta = \pi$ and…

Action recognition has seen a dramatic performance improvement in the last few years. Most of the current state-of-the-art literature either aims at improving performance through changes to the backbone CNN network, or they explore…

Numerical transfer-matrix methods are applied to two-dimensional Ising spin systems, in presence of a confining magnetic field which varies with distance $|{\vec x}|$ to a "trap center", proportionally to $(|{\vec x}|/\ell)^p$, $p>0$. On a…

In certain complex optimization tasks, it becomes necessary to use multiple measures to characterize the performance of different algorithms. This paper presents a method that combines ordinal effect sizes with Pareto dominance to analyze…

I describe an `oct-tree' N-body code which randomly shifts, reorients, and resizes the root cell at each time step. Averaging over a plurality of root cell positions and orientations statistically restores translational and rotational…

The need for high-throughput, precise, and meaningful methods for measuring behavior has been amplified by our recent successes in measuring and manipulating neural circuitry. The largest challenges associated with moving in this direction,…

To improve the performance on a target task, researchers have fine-tuned language models with an intermediate task before the target task of interest. However, previous works have focused on the pre-trained language models and downstream…