相关论文: Confinement by Black Holes

This paper revisits the conundrum faced when one attempts to understand the dynamics of black hole formation and evaporation without abandoning unitary evolution. Previous efforts to resolve this puzzle assume that information escapes in…

The existence of black holes and of spacetime singularities is a fundamental issue in science. Despite this, observations supporting their existence are scarce, and their interpretation unclear. We overview how strong a case for black holes…

In this methodological paper we consider two problems an astronaut faces with under the black hole horizon in the Schwarzschild metric. 1) How to maximize the survival proper time. 2) How to make a visible part of the outer Universe as…

After a brief reminscence about work with K. Sato 25 years ago on the monopole problem and inflation, a discussion is given of the black hole information paradox. It is argued that, quite generally, it should be anticipated that the states…

We examine a possibility that, when a black hole is formed, the information on the collapsed star is stored as the entanglement entropy between the outside and the thin region (of the order of the Planck length) of the inside the horizon.…

A local Hawking temperature was recently derived for any future outer trapping horizon in spherical symmetry, using a Hamilton-Jacobi tunneling method, and is given by a dynamical surface gravity as defined geometrically. Descriptions are…

We examine the properties of nearly extremal black holes produced by gravitational collapse. It is shown that an observer who crosses the black hole horizon at late times rapidly encounters a singularity.

Hawking's area theorem can be understood from a quasi-stationary process in which a black hole accretes $positive$ energy matter, ``independent of the details of the gravity action''. I use this process to study the dynamics of the…

We consider a possibility that the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole has two different interpretations: The black hole entropy can be understood either as an outcome of a huge degeneracy in the mass eigenstates of the hole, or as a…

The black hole information paradox is the incompatibility of quantum mechanics with the semi-classical picture of Hawking radiation. Hawking radiation appears thermal and eventually leads to the complete disappearance of a black hole.…

Modes of physical fields which are located inside a horizon and which cannot be observed by a distant observer are identified with dynamical degrees of freedom of a black hole. A new invariant statistical mechanical definition of a…

The notion of the black hole singularity and the proof of the singularity theorem were considered great successes in classical general relativity. Singularities had presented deep puzzles to physicists. Conceptual challenges were set up by…

The Embedded Horizon is defined to be a horizon that is in equilibrium with the exterior of the black hole, that is, isolated on the outside, but dynamically evolving on the inside, analogous to the inner and outer event horizons of the…

We study microscopic operators describing the experience of an observer falling into the horizon of a unitarily evaporating black hole. For a young black hole, these operators can be taken to act only on the degrees of freedom in the black…

Black holes are often characterized by event horizons, following the literature that laid the mathematical foundations of the subject in the 1970s. However black hole event horizons have two fundamental conceptual limitations. First, they…

We argue that the proper time from the horizon to the black hole singularity can be extracted from the thermal expectation values of certain operators outside the horizon. This works for fields which couple to higher curvature terms, so…

The conservation of energy implies that an isolated radiating black hole cannot have an emission spectrum that is precisely thermal. Moreover, the no-hair theorem is only approximately applicable. We consider the implications for the black…

Hawking particles emitted by a black hole are usually found to have thermal spectra, if not exactly, then by a very good approximation. Here, we argue differently. It was discovered that spherical partial waves of in-going and out-going…

We consider a vacuum static spacetime in a finite size cavity. On the boundary, we specify a metric and a finite constant local temperature $T$. No spherical or any other spatial symmetry is assumed. We show that (i) inside a cavity, only a…

Everybody knows what the classical black holes are. In short, this is a spacetime region beyond the so-called event horizon. The notion of the event horizon is mathematically well defined. The situation with a definition of quantum black…