相关论文: Cosmology, Particle Physics and Superfluid 3He
Zurek suggested [Nature 317 (1985) 505] that the Kibble mechanism, through which topological defects such as cosmic strings are believed to have been created in the early Universe, can also result in the formation of topological defects in…
Deformed aerogels induce a global anisotropy in the superfluid 3He and orient the orbital part of its order parameter. Here a phenomenological theory of the orientational effect of elastic deformations of aerogels on the superfluid phases…
We discuss the origin of topological defects in phase transitions and analyze their role as a "diagnostic tool" in the study of the non-equilibrium dynamics of symmetry breaking. Homogeneous second order phase transitions are the focus of…
A zero temperature superfluid is arguably the simplest system in which to study complex fluid dynamics, such as turbulence. We describe computer simulations of such turbulence and compare the results directly with recent experiments in…
We have used quantum evaporation to investigate the two-dimensional fermion system that forms at the free surface of (initially isotopically pure) 4He when small quantities of 3He are added to it. By measuring the first-arrival times of the…
We use a quantum lattice gas model to describe essential aspects of the motion of 4He atoms and of 3He impurities in solid 4He. This study suggests that 3He impurities bind to defects and promote 4He atoms to interstitial sites which can…
Embedded defects proposed long ago (Z-vortices and Nambu monopoles) have been successfully searched for in 3D equilibrium lattice studies within the standard model near the electroweak phase transition and the crossover (which follows it…
We study a two-phase sample of superfluid 3He where vorticity exists in one phase (3He-A) but cannot penetrate across the interfacial boundary to a second coherent phase (3He-B). We calculate the bending of the vorticity into a surface…
Peculiar dynamics of a free surface of the superfluid 4He has been observed experimentally with a newly established technique utilizing a number of electrically charged fine metal particles trapped electrically at the surface by Moroshkin…
Highly anisotropic "nematically ordered" aerogel induces global uniaxial anisotropy in superfluid 3He. The anisotropy lowers symmetry of 3He in aerogel from spherical to axial. As a result instead of one transition temperature in the state,…
Cosmology and particle physics are deeply interrelated. Among the common problems are dark energy, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We discuss these problems in general terms, and concentrate on several particular…
Results of experiments with liquid 3He immersed in a new type of aerogel are described. This aerogel consists of Al2O3 strands which are nearly parallel to each other, so we call it as a "nematically ordered" aerogel. At all used pressures…
New techniques, both for generating and detecting turbulence in the helium superfluids 3He-B and 4He, have recently given insight in how turbulence is started, what the dissipation mechanisms are, and how turbulence decays when it appears…
Predictions and discoveries of new phases of superfluid $^3$He in confined geometries, as well as novel topological excitations confined to surfaces and edges of near a bounding surface of $^3$He, are driving the fields of superfluid $^3$He…
We discuss the general properties of periodic vortex arrangements in rotating superfluids. The different possible structures are classified according to the symmetry space-groups and the circulation number. We calculate numerically several…
The physical basis of the modern cosmological inflationary models with baryosynthesis and nonbaryonic dark matter and energy implies such predictions of particle theory, that, in turn, apply to cosmology for their test. It makes physics of…
The multi-parameter character of supersymmetric dark-matter models implies the combination of their experimental studies with astrophysical and cosmological probes. The physics of the early Universe provides nontrivial effects of…
The discovery of superfluid $^{3}$He in high porosity silica aerogels, and subsequent experimental and theoretical work, have led to a better general understanding of quasiparticle scattering from impurities in unconventional pairing…
The B phase of superfluid 3He can be cooled into the pure superfluid regime, where the thermal quasiparticle density is negligible. The bulk superfluid is surrounded by a quantum well at the boundaries of the container, confining a sea of…
Superconductors exhibit unconventional electronic and magnetic properties if the Cooper pair wave function breaks additional symmetries of the normal phase. Rotational symmetries in spin- and orbital spaces, as well as discrete symmetries…