相关论文: Cosmology, Particle Physics and Superfluid 3He

Topological defects such as cosmic strings may have been formed at early-universe phase transitions. Direct tests of this idea are impossible, but the mechanism can be elucidated by studying analogous processes in low-temperature…

The discovery of the superfluid phases of Helium 3 in 1971 opened the door to one of the most fascinating systems known in condensed matter physics. Superfluidity of Helium 3, originating from pair condensation of Helium 3 atoms, turned out…

The paper is concerned with the interpretation of many experiments that have been reported recently on the production of quantum turbulence by oscillating spheres, wires and grids in both 4He and 3He-B at temperatures so low that there is a…

The symmetry-breaking first-order phase transition between superfluid phases $^3$He-A and $^3$He-B can be triggered extrinsically by ionising radiation or heterogeneous nucleation arising from the details of the sample cell construction.…

Several recent experiments find evidence of superfluidity of 3He in 98%-porous aerogel. The primary effect of the aerogel is that it scatters the quasiparticles of 3He. We find that many experimental findings are quantitatively understood…

Fermionic superfluids provide a new realization of quantum turbulence, accessible to both experiment and theory, yet relevant to phenomena from both cold atoms to nuclear astrophysics. In particular, the strongly interacting Fermi gas…

We discuss phenomenology of quantum vacuum. Phenomenology of macroscopic systems has three sources: thermodynamics, topology and symmetry. Thermodynamics of the self-sustained vacuum allows us to treat the problems related to the vacuum…

Defects in superfluid 3He, high-Tc superconductors, QCD colour superfluids and cosmic vortons can possess (anti)ferromagnetic cores, and their generalisations. In each case there is a second order parameter whose value is zero in the bulk…

First order phase transitions in the very early universe are a prediction of many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics and could provide the departure from equilibrium needed for a dynamical explanation of the baryon…

Matter at low temperatures exhibits unusual properties such as superfluidity, superconductivity, Bose-Einstein condensation, and supersolidity. These states display quantum mechanical behaviours at scales much larger than atomic dimensions.…

Motivated by the study of cosmological phase transitions, our understanding of the formation of topological defects during spontaneous symmetry-breaking and the associated non-equilibrium field theory has recently changed. Experiments have…

We use neutron absorption in rotating 3He-B to heat locally a 10 micrometer-size volume into normal phase. When the heated region cools back in microseconds, vortex lines are formed. We record with NMR the number of lines as a function of…

A convenient method to create vortices in meta-stable vortex-free superflow of 3He-B is to irradiate with thermal neutrons. The vortices are then formed in a rapid non-equilibrium process with very distinctive characteristics. Two models…

Vortices in superfluid 3He-B have been observed to undergo a core transition. We discuss the analog phenomenon in relativistic field theories which admit embedded global domain walls, vortices and monopoles with a core phase structure. They…

The gapless fermionic excitations in superfluid 3He-A have a "relativistic" spectrum close to the gap nodes. They are the counterpart of the chiral particles (left-handed and right-handed) in high energy physics above the electroweak…

Event horizons for fermion quasiparticles naturally arise in moving textures in superconductors and Fermi superfluids. We discuss the example of a planar soliton moving in superfluid 3He-A, which is closely analogous to a charged rotating…

Liquid 4He has been studied extensively for almost a century, but there are still a number of outstanding weak or missing links in our comprehension of it. This paper reviews some of the principal paths taken in previous research and then…

Lars Onsager and Richard Feynman envisioned that the three-dimensional (3D) superfluid-to-normal $\lambda$ transition in $^{4}$He occurs through the proliferation of vortices. This process should hold for every phase transition in the same…

It is established theoretically that an ordered state with continuous symmetry is inherently unstable to arbitrarily small amounts of disorder [1, 2]. This principle is of central importance in a wide variety of condensed systems including…

In Fermi superfluids, like superfluid 3He, the viscous normal component can be considered to be stationary with respect to the container. The normal component interacts with the superfluid component via mutual friction which damps the…