相关论文: Automatic physical phasing X-ray crystallography

The relationship between various methods to calculate the physical degrees of freedom for gauge invariant systems of a general form is established. The set of hidden parameters caused for the superfluous degrees of freedom is revealed.

Phase gradient metagratings/metasurfaces (PGMs) have provided a new paradigm for light manipulations. In this work, we will show the existence of gauge invariance in PGMs, i.e., the diffraction law of PGMs is independent of the choice of…

The aim of this work is to establish the existence of invariant manifolds in complex systems. Considering trajectory curves integral of multiple time scales dynamical systems of dimension two and three (predator-prey models, neuronal…

The change of the effective dimension of spacetime with the probed scale is a universal phenomenon shared by independent models of quantum gravity. Using tools of probability theory and multifractal geometry, we show how dimensional flow is…

A new method recovers phase difference of interfering wavefronts from a pattern of interference fringes, avoiding discontinuity problem. The continuous phase is a solution of the first order differential equation of the interferogram…

Automation underpins progress across scientific and industrial disciplines. Yet, automating tasks requiring interpretation of abstract visual information remain challenging. For example, crystal alignment strongly relies on humans with the…

This letter investigates the molecular dynamics of inelastic disks without external forcing. By introducing a new observation frame with a rescaled time, we observe the virtual steady states converted from asymptotic energy dissipation…

We develop a theory for the trajectory of an x ray in the presence of a crystal deformation. A set of equations of motion for an x-ray wave packet including the dynamical diffraction is derived, taking into account the Berry phase as a…

A quantum-mechanical wave function is complex, but all observations are real, expressible through expectation values and transition matrix elements that involve the wave functions. It can be useful to separate at the outset the amplitude…

Phase field crystals (PFC) are a tool for simulating materials at the atomic level. They combine the small length-scale resolution of molecular dynamics (MD) with the ability to simulate dynamics on mesoscopic time scales. We show how PFC…

Ultrafast electron diffraction and time-resolved serial crystallography are the basis of the ongoing revolution in capturing at the atomic level of detail the structural dynamics of molecules. However, most experiments employ the classical…

Time crystals are an enigmatic phase of matter in which a quantum mechanical system displays repetitive, observable motion - they spontaneously break the time translation symmetry. On the other hand optomechanical systems, where mechanical…

The techniques of principal and independent component analysis are applied to images of ultracold atoms. As an illustrative example, we present the use of these model-independent methods to rapidly determine the differential phase of a BEC…

This is the first of a series of papers devoted to the development of the invariant imbedding theory of mode conversion in inhomogeneous plasmas. A new version of the invariant imbedding theory of wave propagation in inhomogeneous media…

The aim of this paper is to propose a criterion of spontaneous symmetry breaking that makes reference to the properties of pure phases defined by a translationally invariant state. By avoiding any reference to the ground state, at the basis…

The phase behavior is investigated for systems composed of a large number of macromolecular components N, with N greater or equal to 2. Liquid-liquid phase separation is modelled using a virial expansion up to the second order of the…

Ptychography promises diffraction limited resolution without the need for high resolution lenses. To achieve high resolution one has to solve the phase problem for many partially overlapping frames. Here we review some of the existing…

It is demonstrated by analyzing real examples that phase transitions in layered crystals occur like all other solid-state phase transitions by nucleation and crystal growth, but have a specific morphology. There the nucleation is epitaxial,…

The scattering phase shift encodes a good amount of physical information which can be used to study resonances from scattering data. Among others, it can be used to calculate the continuum density of states and the collision time in a…

Phase diffusion represents a crucial obstacle towards the implementation of high precision interferometric measurements and phase shift based communication channels. Here we present a nearly optimal interferometric scheme based on homodyne…