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The robust and efficient recognition of visual relations in images is a hallmark of biological vision. We argue that, despite recent progress in visual recognition, modern machine vision algorithms are severely limited in their ability to…
As borders between different regions, lines are an important element of natural images. Already at the level of the mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), neurons respond best to lines of a given orientation. We reduce a set of images to…
The grid firing patterns are thought to provide an efficient intrinsic metric capable of supporting universal spatial metric for mammalian spatial navigation in all environments. However, whether spatial representations of grid cells in the…
Maintaining stable internal representations of continuous variables is fundamental for effective robotic control. Continuous attractor networks provide a biologically inspired mechanism for encoding such variables, yet neuromorphic…
Parts of the brain that carry sensory tasks are organized topographically: nearby neurons are responsive to the same properties of input signals. Thus, in this work, inspired by the neuroscience literature, we proposed a new topographic…
Perceptual manifolds arise when a neural population responds to an ensemble of sensory signals associated with different physical features (e.g., orientation, pose, scale, location, and intensity) of the same perceptual object. Object…
Structured internal representations (cognitive maps) shape cognition, from imagining the future and counterfactual past, to transferring knowledge to new settings. Our understanding of how such representations are formed and maintained in…
In animal experiments, the observed orientation preference (OP) and ocular dominance (OD) columns in the visual cortex of the brain show various pattern types. Here, we show that the different visual map formations in various species are…
Pulse-coupled systems such as spiking neural networks exhibit nontrivial invariant sets in the form of attracting yet unstable saddle periodic orbits where units are synchronized into groups. Heteroclinic connections between such orbits may…
Neural population activity in sensory cortex is organized on low-dimensional manifolds, but why such manifolds arise and what determines their geometry remain unclear. We model cortical populations as recurrent circuits driven by…
Neural representations carry rich geometric structure; but does that structure causally shape behavior? To address this question, we intervene along paths through activation space defined by different geometries, and measure the behavioral…
The spiking activity of the hippocampal place cells plays a key role in producing and sustaining an internalized representation of the ambient space---a cognitive map. These cells do not only exhibit location-specific spiking during…
Brains and artificial neural networks compute with continuous variables such as object position or stimulus orientation. However, the complex variability in neural responses makes it difficult to link internal representational structure to…
A pressing scientific challenge is to understand how brains work. Of particular interest is the neocortex,the part of the brain that is especially large in humans, capable of handling a wide variety of tasks including visual, auditory,…
The organization of the connectivity between mammalian cortical areas has become a major subject of study, because of its important role in scaffolding the macroscopic aspects of animal behavior and intelligence. In this study we present a…
Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a neural network model which is used to obtain a topology-preserving mapping from the (usually high dimensional) input/feature space to an output/map space of fewer dimensions (usually two or three in order to…
The nervous system represents time-dependent signals in sequences of discrete action potentials or spikes, all spikes are identical so that information is carried only in the spike arrival times. We show how to quantify this information, in…
The subcortical sensory pathways are the fundamental channels for mapping the outside world to our minds. Sensory pathways efficiently transmit information by adapting neural responses to the local statistics of the sensory input. The…
We propose a model of the functional architecture of curvature sensible cells in the visual cortex that associates curvature with scale. The feature space of orientation and position is naturally enhanced via its oriented prolongation,…
Networks of neurons in the brain encode preferred patterns of neural activity via their synaptic connections. Despite receiving considerable attention, the precise relationship between network connectivity and encoded patterns is still…