相关论文: How Hot Is Radiation?
We discuss the role of the electron temperature in abundance determinations in ionized nebulae (planetary nebulae and giant HII regions). We show that, even when observations provide a direct estimate of Te, abundance determinations may…
A candidate for a consistent steady state thermodynamics is constructed for a radiation field in vacuum sandwiched by two black bodies of different temperatures. Because of the collisionless nature of photons, a steady state of a radiation…
This paper presents the results of calculating Casimir-Lifshitz friction force and heating rate of a small metal particle moving above a metal surface (thick plate) in the case of their different local temperatures. The case of normal…
An ultrarelativistic electron beam passing through an intense laser pulse emits radiation around its direction of propagation into a characteristic angular profile. Here we show that measurement of the variances of this profile in the…
Deviations from thermal distribution functions of produced particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are discussed as indicators for nonequilibrium processes. The focus is on rapidity distributions of produced charged hadrons as…
Based on the phenomenological theory of heat diffusion, we show that the generated peak temperature $T_{\text{max}}$ after absorption of a laser pulse strongly depends on the pulse duration. We identify three different heat conduction…
We show the existence of an entangled nonequilibrium state at very high temperatures when two linearly coupled harmonic oscillators are parametrically driven and dissipate into two independent heat baths. This result has a twofold meaning:…
We briefly review some equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of systems with long-range interactions. Such systems, which are characterized by a potential that weakly decays at large distances, have striking properties at equilibrium,…
We study a class of nonequilibrium lattice models which describe local redistributions of a globally conserved energy. A particular subclass can be solved analytically, allowing to define a temperature T_{th} along the same lines as in the…
The hydrogen plasma is studied at temperatures T ~ 10^4 - 10^6 K using the free energy minimization method. A simple analytic free energy model is proposed which is accurate at densities up to 1 g/cc and yields convergent internal partition…
We investigate various possible definitions of an effective temperature for a particularly simple nonequilibrium stationary system, namely a heated Brownian particle suspended in a fluid. The effective temperature based on the fluctuation…
We solve for a system that emits acceleration radiation at two different temperatures. The equilibrium states occur asymptotically in Planck distributions and transition non-thermally. The model is simple enough to obtain a global solution…
This paper firstly presents the concept of using dual laser beam to irradiate the photovoltaic cell, so as to investigate the temperature dependency of the efficiency of long distance energy transmission. Next, the model on the multiple…
We discuss the properties of thermal electromagnetic radiation produced by a neutral polarizable nanoparticle moving with an arbitrary relativistic velocity in a heated vacuum background with a fixed temperature. We show that the particle…
We review the general aspects of the concept of temperature in equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Although temperature is an old and well-established notion, it still presents controversial facets. After a short…
The radiation of harmonics during the interaction of nonrelativistic electrons with a powerful standing laser wave is studied. Expressions for the harmonic frequencies and the corresponding intensities of the spontaneous radiation are…
We investigate nonequilibrium temperatures in a two-state system driven to a nonequilibrium steady state by the action of an oscillatory field. The nonequilibrium temperature is determined by coupling a small cavity or probe to the…
The thermal response of nonequilibrium systems requires the knowledge of concepts that go beyond entropy production. This is showed for systems obeying overdamped Langevin dynamics, either in steady states or going through a relaxation…
Ultracold neutral plasmas, formed by photoionizing laser-cooled atoms near the ionization threshold, have electron temperatures in the 1-1000 kelvin range and ion temperatures from tens of millikelvin to a few kelvin. They represent a new…
The line of phase equilibrium between the hot and cold phases of a plasma is derived from the intensity of thermal radiation as a function of the plasma density and temperature. The last function is obtained with the help of the condition…