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Negative index of refraction has become an accepted part of transformation optics, which is encountered in transformations that change the orientation of the manifold. Based on this concept, various designs of perfect lenses have been…

Perfect lensing and cloaking based on complementary media are possible applications of negative refractive index materials. Metamaterials represent the natural candidates to realize such property by tailoring the effective dielectric…

The problem of imaging for a nearly-perfect lens, namely, a slab of a left-handed material with refractive index n = -(1-sigma)^1/2 is solved analytically for |sigma| << 1. The electromagnetic field behavior is determined largely by…

It has been recently proved that a slab of negative refractive index material acts as a perfect lens in that it makes accessible the sub-wavelength image information contained in the evanescent modes of a source. Here we elaborate on…

We extend the ideas of the recently proposed perfect lens [J.B. Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85}, 3966 (2000)] to an alternative structure. We show that a slab of a medium with negative refractive index bounded by media of different…

Recently it has been proposed that a planar slab of material, for which both the permittivity and permeability have the values of -1, could bring not only the propagating fields associated with a source to a focus, but could also refocus…

The widely-accepted theoretical treatment of the electromagnetic boundary problem of evanescent wave transfer at an interface between a normal medium of n=1 and an ideal negative index medium of n=-1 neglects the non-zero induced surface…

We show that an electromagnetic (EM) wave undergoes negative refraction at the interface between a positive and negative refractive index material. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations are used to study the time evolution of an…

In this paper we show that a negative index of refraction is not a direct implication of transformation optics with orientation-reversing diffeomorphisms. Rather a negative index appears due to a specific choice of sign freedom.…

Here we re-examine one of the most basic quantities in optics: the refractive index. Considering propagation in a plane, we first develop a general formalism for calculating the direction dependent refractive index in a general…

We carefully examine the negative refractive index slab perfect lens theory by Pendry and point out an inconsistency that can be resolved. As a result, we find negative index slabs do not amplify or enhance evanescent waves and therefore…

We derive an approach to define the causal direction of the wavevector of modes in optical metamaterials, which in turn, determines signs of refractive index and impedance as a function of {\it real and imaginary} parts of dielectric…

We consider the interaction of atoms with the quantized electromagnetic field in the presence of materials with negative index of refraction. Spontaneous emission of an atom embedded in a negative index material is discussed. It is shown…

The identification of the refractive index and wave vector for general (possibly active) linear, isotropic, homogeneous, and non-spatially dispersive media is discussed. Correct conditions for negative refraction necessarily include the…

Negative refraction is known to occur in materials that simultaneously possess a negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability; hence they are termed negative index materials. However, there are no known natural materials that…

Electromagnetic metamaterials, made from arrangements of subwavelength sized structures, can be used to manipulate radiation. Designing metamaterials that have a positive refractive index along one axis and a negative refractive index along…

An effective medium model is developed for disordered metamaterials containing a spatially random distribution of dielectric spheres. Similar to effective medium models for ordered metamaterials, this model predicts resonances in the…

We reconsider the refraction of evanescent waves at an interface between air and negative index medium under the assumption that negative index medium is necessarily dispersive and lossy. We show that all evanescent waves in air will be…

The sign of the refractive index of any medium is soley determined by the requirement that the propagation of an electromagnetic wave obeys Einstein causality. Our analysis shows that this requirement predicts that the real part of the…